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Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH\u2019s\n                      <jats:bold>RE<\/jats:bold>\n                      searching\n                      <jats:bold>COV<\/jats:bold>\n                      ID to\n                      <jats:bold>E<\/jats:bold>\n                      nhance\n                      <jats:bold>R<\/jats:bold>\n                      ecovery (RECOVER) Initiative. RECOVER-Pediatrics is an observational meta-cohort study of caregiver-child pairs (birth through 17 years) and young adults (18 through 25 years), recruited from more than 100 sites across the US. This report focuses on two of four cohorts that comprise RECOVER-Pediatrics: 1) a\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      RECOVER prospective cohort of children and young adults with and without previous or current infection; and 2) an extant cohort derived from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10,000). The\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      cohort incorporates three tiers of data collection: 1) remote baseline assessments (Tier 1, n = 6000); 2) longitudinal follow-up for up to 4 years (Tier 2, n = 6000); and 3) a subset of participants, primarily the most severely affected by PASC, who will undergo deep phenotyping to explore PASC pathophysiology (Tier 3, n = 600). Youth enrolled in the ABCD study participate in Tier 1. The pediatric protocol was developed as a collaborative partnership of investigators, patients, researchers, clinicians, community partners, and federal partners, intentionally promoting inclusivity and diversity. The protocol is adaptive to facilitate responses to emerging science.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RECOVER-Pediatrics seeks to characterize the clinical course, underlying mechanisms, and long-term effects of PASC from birth through 25 years old. RECOVER-Pediatrics is designed to elucidate the epidemiology, four-year clinical course, and sociodemographic correlates of pediatric PASC. The data and biosamples will allow examination of mechanistic hypotheses and biomarkers, thus providing insights into potential therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trials.gov identifier<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical Trial Registration:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Unique identifier:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05172011\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT05172011<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T13:24:24Z","timestamp":1715088264000},"page":"e0285635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pediatric study protocol: Rationale, objectives and design"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rachel 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