{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:45:24Z","timestamp":1789645524681,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The process of optimizing <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> seed sterilization and germination is a complicated task since this process is influenced by interactions of many factors (e.g., genotype, disinfectants, pH of the media, temperature, light, immersion time). This study investigated the role of various types and concentrations of disinfectants (i.e., NaOCl, Ca(ClO)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NWCN-Fe, MWCNT) as well as immersion time in successful <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> seed sterilization and germination of petunia. Also, the utility of three artificial neural networks (ANNs) (e.g., multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN)) as modeling tools were evaluated to analyze the effect of disinfectants and immersion time on <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> seed sterilization and germination. Moreover, non\u2011dominated sorting genetic algorithm\u2011II (NSGA\u2011II) was employed for optimizing the selected prediction model. The GRNN algorithm displayed superior predictive accuracy in comparison to MLP and RBF models. Also, the results showed that NSGA\u2011II can be considered as a reliable multi-objective optimization algorithm for finding the optimal level of disinfectants and immersion time to simultaneously minimize contamination rate and maximize germination percentage. Generally, GRNN-NSGA-II as an up-to-date and reliable computational tool can be applied in future plant <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T17:34:59Z","timestamp":1683826499000},"page":"e0285657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Comparative analysis of different artificial neural networks for predicting and optimizing in vitro seed germination and sterilization of petunia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hamed","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-0753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Asghar","family":"Mirzaie-asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Tohidfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285657.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16074","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.74","article-title":"Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida","volume":"2","author":"A Bombarely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Plants"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285657.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.018","article-title":"Optimization of an improved, efficient and rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol for Petunia hybrida Vilm. 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