{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:39:32Z","timestamp":1793054372309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R\/FRGS\/A0600\/00553A\/005\/2019\/00700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/FRGS\/A0600\/00553A\/005\/2019\/00700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats globally. This challenge has been aggravated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in food animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) genes in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>) isolated from broiler chickens in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 320 cloacal swabs were collected from farms in different districts of Kelantan and were analyzed using routine bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and molecular techniques for further identification and characterization of ESBL encoding genes. Based on PCR detection for the <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> species-specific <jats:italic>Pho<\/jats:italic> gene, 30.3% (97\/320) of isolates were confirmed as <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>, and 84.5% (82\/97) of the isolates were positive for at least one ESBL gene. Majority of the isolates, 62.9% (61\/97) were harboring <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> followed by 45.4% (44\/97) of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> genes, while 16.5% (16\/97) of the isolates were positive for both <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic> and ESBL genes. Overall, 93.8% (90\/97) of the <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> were resistant to three or more antimicrobials; indicating that the isolates were multi-drug resistance. 90.7% of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value greater than 0.2, would also suggest the isolates were from high-risk sources of contamination. The MLST result shows that the isolates are widely diverse. Our findings provide insight into the alarmingly high distribution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, mainly ESBL producing <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> in apparently healthy chickens indicating the role of food animals in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential public health threats it may pose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T17:36:55Z","timestamp":1684517815000},"page":"e0285743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken farms in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-3530","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mulu","family":"Lemlem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkihun","family":"Aklilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maizan","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadhilah","family":"Kamaruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunita","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azian","family":"Harun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susmita Seenu","family":"Devan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285743.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01054.x","article-title":"Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment","volume":"8","author":"FC Cabello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0285743.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.9.259","article-title":"Survey of condition-based prescribing of antimicrobial drugs for dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital","volume":"155","author":"M Rantala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285743.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00297-7","article-title":"Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production.","volume":"17","author":"S Schwarz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285743.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.2.275","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs reared under antimicrobial-free and conventional production methods","volume":"231","author":"CA Bunner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref005","article-title":"Drivers, dynamics and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in animal production: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2016.","author":"B Wall"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment","volume":"22","author":"S Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01009-09","article-title":"Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases","volume":"54","author":"K Bush","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0770.197508","article-title":"Prevalence of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M Beta-Lactamase genes in the urinary isolates of a tertiary care hospital.","volume":"7","author":"T Bajpai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avicenna J Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0285743.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00007","article-title":"Health care\u2014associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections","volume":"137","author":"ND Friedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33587-5","article-title":"Novel small molecules affecting cell membrane as potential therapeutics for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"D Kathayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597073","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/597073","article-title":"Risk factors for colonization of E. coli in Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida","volume":"2011","author":"AM Schaefer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285743.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180599","article-title":"Evaluation of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens to determine their potential risk to poultry and human health.","volume":"12","author":"ZR Stromberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu785","article-title":"Do human extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins originate from food-producing animals? A systematic review","volume":"60","author":"B Lazarus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref014","author":"A Wahab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaysia. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref015","first-page":"165637","article-title":"Characterization of multidrug resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from hospitals in Malaysia.","volume":"2009","author":"KT Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285743.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020181","article-title":"In Vitro Efficacy of Flomoxef against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Malaysia.","volume":"10","author":"ST Ngoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285743.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0222","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from pediatric wards of a Malaysian hospital","volume":"18","author":"WS Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8853582","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8853582","article-title":"MCR-1 Gene Encoded Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Chicken Meat and Bean Sprouts in Malaysia.","volume":"2020","author":"E Aklilu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3377-2","article-title":"Risk factors and spatial distribution of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing- Escherichia coli at retail poultry meat markets in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"16","author":"AB Aliyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03292-7","article-title":"Molecular characterization of blaNDM, blaOXA-48, mcr-1 and blaTEM-52 positive and concurrently carbapenem and colistin resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in chicken in Malaysia.","volume":"18","author":"E Aklilu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"pone.0285743.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.8583","article-title":"Association between virulence profile and fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs and cats in China.","volume":"11","author":"X Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref022","first-page":"e00543","article-title":"Novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in Escherichia coli.","volume":"8","author":"W Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"MBio."},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref023","article-title":"Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Suseceptibility Testing","author":"CSLI","year":"2021","journal-title":"CLSI supliment M100Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285743.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq037","article-title":"Editorial: assessing the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria obtained from animals","volume":"65","author":"S Schwarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285743.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky043","article-title":"Applying definitions for multidrug resistance, extensive drug resistance and pandrug resistance to clinically significant livestock and companion animal bacterial pathogens","volume":"73","author":"MT Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref026","first-page":"164","article-title":"indices of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species isolates in Lagos University Teaching Hospital","volume":"14","author":"O Osundiya","year":"2013","journal-title":"African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22452\/mjs.vol28no1.1","article-title":"ultiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of virulence Genes in Escherichia coli.","volume":"28","author":"KXYaKL Thong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285743.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(99)00164-2","article-title":"A Sensitive and Versatile Multiplex PCR System for the Rapid Detection of Enterotoxigenic (ETEC), Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and Enteropathogenic (EPEC) Strains of Escherichia coli.","volume":"38","author":"RYC Kong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0285743.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.03.019","article-title":"Increased detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from poultry","volume":"145","author":"C Dierikx","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285743.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.6.17-00672","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4 and mcr-5 for surveillance purposes.","volume":"23","author":"AR Rebelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref031","first-page":"6","article-title":"seaborn: statistical data visualization","author":"M. Waskom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S209545","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing and bla ESBL characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy humans and swine in Northern Thailand.","volume":"12","author":"C Seenama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285743.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5860","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.5860-5864.2005","article-title":"Analysis of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli clonal group by multilocus sequence typing","volume":"43","author":"SY Tartof","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285743.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05172.x","article-title":"Sex and virulence in Escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"60","author":"T Wirth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref035","author":"EnteroBase","year":"2018","journal-title":"Escherichia coli MLST Database"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli from chickens in poultry farms of Malaysia","volume":"15","author":"N Suryadevara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research journal of biotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285743.ref037","article-title":"Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study.","volume":"10","author":"SA Elmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)."},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref038","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics have widely been used for treatment of serious Gram-negative infections.","author":"KBY Nagaraja Suryadevara","year":"2020","journal-title":"However, bacterial resistance has emerged due to production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Research Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1086\/340246","article-title":"Antimicrobial use and resistance in animals","volume":"34","author":"SA McEwen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.46.1.165-170.1983","article-title":"Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods","volume":"46","author":"PH Krumperman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285743.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-025","article-title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Broilers in Shandong Province, China","volume":"79","author":"S Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1975-9","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM genes in extended- spectrum beta- lactamase- producing E. coli isolates from broiler farms in the Philippines","volume":"15","author":"RS Gundran","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285743.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0372","article-title":"Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in food-producing animals","volume":"74","author":"M Hiroi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref044","first-page":"30","article-title":"Rapid rise of the ESBL and mcr-1 genes in Escherichia coli of chicken origin in China, 2008\u20132014","volume":"7","author":"C Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0285743.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02831-10","article-title":"Fecal carriage and shedding density of CTX-M extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in cattle, chickens, and pigs: implications for environmental contamination and food production","volume":"77","author":"RA Horton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0285743.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143326","article-title":"Occurrence of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in Livestock and Farm Workers in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.","volume":"10","author":"C Dahms","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref047","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility and high prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in iranian broilers.","author":"SS Khoshbakht R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revue M\u00e9d V\u00e9t."},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3923\/jm.2008.489.493","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: emergence of CTX-M-type \u03b2-lactamases variation","volume":"3","author":"Z Sekawi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285743.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-694","article-title":"Co-existence of beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Kathmandu, Nepal.","volume":"7","author":"RH Pokhrel","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref050","first-page":"14","article-title":"Prevalence and clonality of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Asia","volume":"1","author":"PM Hawkey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285743.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0326","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens: First Report from Nepal","volume":"25","author":"PR Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0265142","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265142","article-title":"Pan-genome and resistome analysis of extended-spectrum ss-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: A multi-setting epidemiological surveillance study from Malaysia.","volume":"17","author":"J Dwiyanto","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285743.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1860","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing and virulence gene profiles associated with Escherichia coli from human and animal sources","volume":"12","author":"AR Manges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285743.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa461","article-title":"Prevalence and genomic analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in retail raw meats in Singapore","volume":"76","author":"S Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0285743.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.026","article-title":"Increased exposure to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae through the consumption of chicken and sushi products","volume":"269","author":"AI Vitas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0285743.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2018.07.017","article-title":"Discovery of multi-drug resistant, MCR-1 and ESBL-coproducing ST117 Escherichia coli from diseased chickens in northeast China","volume":"63","author":"S Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285743.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.11.010","article-title":"Escherichia coli and urinary tract infections: the role of poultry-meat","volume":"22","author":"AR Manges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0285743.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr235","article-title":"National survey of Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections reveals the spread of drug-resistant clonal groups O25b:H4-B2-ST131, O15:H1-D-ST393 and CGA-D-ST69 with high virulence gene content in Spain","volume":"66","author":"J Blanco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285743","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T17:37:53Z","timestamp":1684517873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285743"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Indranil","family":"Samanta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285743","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]}}}