{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:55:42Z","timestamp":1790477742127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Equine neonatal sepsis can be challenging to diagnose and prognosticate. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a new marker of renal damage and inflammation, can potentially be helpful.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate NGAL in neonatal foals with sepsis, and assess its relation to outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Foals \u2264 14 days, with admission blood analysis and stored serum.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>NGAL was measured on stored serum from 91 foals. Foals were scored for sepsis and survival and categorized according to sepsis status (septic, sick non-septic, healthy, and uncertain sepsis status) and outcome groups (survivors and non-survivors). The septic foals were further sub-categorized according to severity (normal sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock). A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare serum NGAL concentrations in survivors and non-survivors, in the sepsis status groups, and in the sepsis severity groups. Optimal cut-off values for serum NGAL concentrations to diagnose sepsis and outcome were determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. NGAL was compared to creatinine and SAA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Median serum NGAL concentrations were significantly higher in septic than non-septic foals. However, serum NGAL concentrations did not differ between sepsis severity subgroups. Serum NGAL concentrations were significantly lower in survivors than in non-survivors. Optimal cut-off values of serum NGAL concentrations were 455 \u03bcg\/L (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 100%) and 1104 \u03bcg\/L (sensitivity 39.3%, specificity 95.2%) for predicting sepsis and non-survival, respectively. NGAL correlated to SAA, but not to creatinine. NGAL performed similarly to SAA to diagnose sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Serum NGAL concentrations may be useful for diagnosing sepsis and predicting outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:26:40Z","timestamp":1684430800000},"page":"e0285819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of admission serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations as a marker of sepsis and outcome in neonatal foals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Malene","family":"Laurberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-7436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise C.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid Hyldahl","family":"Laursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hoeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine Alexandra","family":"S\u00e5nge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0689-7141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gaby","family":"van Galen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285819.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12536","article-title":"Factors associated with outcome and gradual improvement in survival over time in 1065 equine neonates admitted to an intensive care unit","volume":"49","author":"S Gigu\u00e8re","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285819.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15618","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids in healthy neonatal foals from birth to 7 days of age","volume":"33","author":"M Aleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285819.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01445.x","article-title":"Development of a scoring system for the early diagnosis of equine neonatal sepsis","volume":"20","author":"BD Brewer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0285819.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dembek K, Hurcombe S, Frazer M, one PMP, 2014 undefined. 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