{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:21:26Z","timestamp":1792027286309,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Society of Preventive (DGPZM) and CP GABA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To verify the protective effect of plant extracts associated with fluoride against dental erosion of dentine, in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dentine specimens (n = 270) were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 30\/group): GT (green tea extract); BE (blueberry extract); GSE (grape seed extract); NaF (sodium fluoride); GT+NaF (green tea extract and NaF); BE+NaF (blueberry extract and NaF); GSE+NaF (grape seed extract and NaF); negative control (deionized water); and a positive control (commercialized mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the presence (P) or absence (NP) of salivary pellicle. The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (NP), 2 min immersion in experimental solutions, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (NP), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (dSL-10 and dSL-total), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release (CaR) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn\u2019s and Mann-Whitney U tests (p&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, the negative control presented the highest values of dSL, dColl and CaR, and the plant extracts showed different degrees of dentine protection. For the subgroup NP, GSE showed the best protection of the extracts, and the presence of fluoride generally further improved the protection for all extracts. For the subgroup P, only BE provided protection, while the presence of fluoride had no impact on dSL and dColl, but lowered CaR. The protection of the positive control was more evident on CaR than on dColl.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We can conclude that the plant extracts showed a protective effect against dentine erosion, regardless of the presence of salivary pellicle, and that the fluoride seems to improve their protection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:32:59Z","timestamp":1684431179000},"page":"e0285931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dual protective effect of the association of plant extracts and fluoride against dentine erosion: In the presence and absence of salivary pellicle"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-908X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samira Helena","family":"Niemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindy","family":"Sezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas S\u00e9bastien","family":"Wittwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5950-4137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tommy","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago","family":"Saads Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0285931.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000360380","article-title":"Erosive tooth wear: a multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge.","volume":"25","author":"A Lussi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0285931.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0888-9","article-title":"What is known about the influence of dentine hypersensitivity on oral health-related quality of life?","volume":"17","author":"K Bekes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285931.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2018.167","article-title":"Erosive tooth wear\u2014a review on global prevalence and on its prevalence in risk groups.","volume":"224","author":"N Schlueter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285931.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000308567","article-title":"Systematic review of the prevalence of tooth wear in children and adolescents.","volume":"44","author":"CM Kreulen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285931.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512462578","article-title":"New insights into the composition and functions of the acquired enamel pellicle","volume":"91","author":"WL Siqueira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285931.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500706","article-title":"Protective effect of the dental pellicle against erosive challenges in situ","volume":"85","author":"AT Hara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000360376","article-title":"The pellicle and erosion.","volume":"25","author":"M Hannig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285931.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802183401","article-title":"Impact of the in situ formed salivary pellicle on enamel and dentine erosion induced by different acids.","volume":"66","author":"A Wiegand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285931.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.10.015","article-title":"Protective effect of the in situ pellicle on dentin erosion\u2014an ex vivo pilot study","volume":"52","author":"C Hannig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285931.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.02.001","article-title":"Exposure to acids changes the proteomic of acquired dentine pellicle.","volume":"43","author":"TR Delecrode","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285931.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1159\/000499579","article-title":"Acquired Enamel Pellicle Modification with Casein and Mucin in Different Concentrations and its Impact on Initial Dental Erosion.","volume":"53","author":"KR Sieber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29188-x","article-title":"Impact of honey on dental erosion and adhesion of early bacterial colonizers.","volume":"8","author":"A Habluetzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0285931.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108372","article-title":"Reorganisation of the salivary mucin network by dietary components: insights from green tea polyphenols.","volume":"9","author":"HS Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"30","key":"pone.0285931.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8392","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b01122","article-title":"New Anthocyanin-Human Salivary Protein Complexes.","volume":"31","author":"R Ferrer-Gallego","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0285931.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1021\/jf104975d","article-title":"Reactivity of human salivary proteins families toward food polyphenols","volume":"59","author":"S Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285931.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00166.x","article-title":"Ellipsometry analysis of the in vitro adsorption of tea polyphenols onto salivary pellicles","volume":"112","author":"A Joiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285931.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1159\/000431294","article-title":"Application of Plant Extracts for the Prevention of Dental Erosion: An in situ\/in vitro Study.","volume":"49","author":"MT Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000359939","article-title":"The histological features and physical properties of eroded dental hard tissues.","volume":"25","author":"C Ganss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285931.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000083159","article-title":"Influence of the organic matrix on root dentine erosion by citric acid","volume":"39","author":"AT Hara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0285931.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.06.011","article-title":"The role of matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine-cathepsins on the progression of dentine erosion","volume":"60","author":"BL Zarella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0285931.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000380885","article-title":"Role of host-derived proteinases in dentine caries and erosion.","volume":"49","author":"MA Buzalaf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285931.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.12.012","article-title":"Use of crosslinkers to inactivate dentin MMPs","volume":"32","author":"R Seseogullari-Dirihan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285931.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2009.08.007","article-title":"Chlorhexidine and green tea extract reduce dentin erosion and abrasion in situ.","volume":"37","author":"AC Magalhaes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dent."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285931.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512455801","article-title":"Impact of protease inhibitors on dentin matrix degradation by collagenase","volume":"91","author":"MT Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.09.027","article-title":"Effect of Proanthocyanidin-enriched extracts on the inhibition of wear and degradation of dentin demineralized organic matrix","volume":"84","author":"AP Boteon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.10.012","article-title":"Dentin biomodification: strategies, renewable resources and clinical applications","volume":"30","author":"AK Bedran-Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0285931.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042204","article-title":"Quantitative proteomic analysis of the effect of fluoride on the acquired enamel pellicle.","volume":"7","author":"WL Siqueira","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285931.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0128196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128196","article-title":"The impact of stannous, fluoride ions and its combination on enamel pellicle proteome and dental erosion prevention.","volume":"10","author":"AA Algarni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41736-7","article-title":"Effect of fluoride mouthrinses and stannous ions on the erosion protective properties of the in situ pellicle.","volume":"9","author":"A Kensche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513511820","article-title":"Sodium fluoride inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9","volume":"93","author":"MT Kato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285931.ref031","article-title":"Effect of Sodium Fluoride on the endogenous MMP Activity of Dentin Matrices.","volume":"1","author":"MG Brackett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nat Sci."},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.08.002","article-title":"Stannous chloride and stannous fluoride are inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases","volume":"78","author":"B Cvikl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0285931.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0277552","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277552","article-title":"Synergistic effect between plant extracts and fluoride to protect against enamel erosion: An in vitro study.","volume":"17","author":"TS Carvalho","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0285931.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000377734","article-title":"Natural products and caries prevention.","volume":"49","author":"L Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries research."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0285931.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094892","article-title":"Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry-A Review.","volume":"22","author":"J Flemming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103567","article-title":"Salivary pellicle modification with polyphenol-rich teas and natural extracts to improve protection against dental erosion","volume":"105","author":"SH Niemeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of dentistry"},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref037","article-title":"Plant extracts have dual mechanism on the protection against dentine erosion: action of the dentine substrate and modification of the salivary pellicle.","author":"SH Niemeyer","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285931.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16032348","article-title":"Wine and grape tannin interactions with salivary proteins and their impact on astringency: a review of current research","volume":"16","author":"JM McRae","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.05.011","article-title":"Oral astringent stimuli alter the enamel pellicle\u2019s ultrastructure as revealed by electron microscopy.","volume":"63","author":"M Rehage","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.11.028","article-title":"Impact of oral astringent stimuli on surface charge and morphology of the protein-rich pellicle at the tooth-saliva interphase","volume":"174","author":"R Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"pone.0285931.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.05.024","article-title":"Effect of gels containing chlorhexidine or epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle.","volume":"82","author":"ESCM de Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285931.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512455029","article-title":"The role of matrix metalloproteinases in dental erosion","volume":"24","author":"MA Buzalaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in dental research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285931.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03530-y","article-title":"Dentifrices or gels containing MMP inhibitors prevent dentine loss: in situ studies.","volume":"25","author":"MT Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720150289","article-title":"Preventive effect of toothpastes with MMP inhibitors on human dentine erosion and abrasion in vitro.","volume":"24","author":"AR Hannas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285931.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.11.004","article-title":"Chemical characterization and antioxidant activities of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidin fractions from grape seeds","volume":"108","author":"I Spranger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285931.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1089\/109662003772519831","article-title":"Polyphenolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality.","volume":"6","author":"J Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285931.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.03.036","article-title":"Galloyl moieties enhance the dentin biomodification potential of plant-derived catechins.","volume":"10","author":"CM Vidal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(00)00009-1","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by green tea catechins","volume":"1478","author":"M Demeule","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9861(03)00221-2","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate binding to MMP-2 inhibits gelatinolytic activity without influencing the attachment to extracellular matrix proteins but enhances MMP-2 binding to TIMP-2","volume":"415","author":"XW Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of biochemistry and biophysics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285931.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<822::AID-CNCR1070>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Tumor gelatinases and invasion inhibited by the green tea flavanol epigallocatechin-3-gallate","volume":"91","author":"S Garbisa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2006.11.013","article-title":"Role of green tea polyphenols in the inhibition of collagenolytic activity by collagenase","volume":"41","author":"B Madhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285931.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10460","article-title":"Proanthocyanidin: a natural crosslinking reagent for stabilizing collagen matrices","volume":"65","author":"B Han","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0285931.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.07.015","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of plant-derived agents to preserve dentin collagen","volume":"29","author":"N Hiraishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dental materials: official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285931.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000047470","article-title":"Effectiveness of two fluoridation measures on erosion progression in human enamel and dentine in vitro.","volume":"35","author":"C Ganss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Caries research."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0285931.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000380886","article-title":"The future of fluorides and other protective agents in erosion prevention.","volume":"49","author":"A Lussi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries research."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0285931.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-014-5200-x","article-title":"Preparation and optimization of calcium fluoride particles for dental applications","volume":"25","author":"J Koeser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:33:51Z","timestamp":1684431231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285931"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tanay","family":"Chaubal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285931","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]}}}