{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:07:27Z","timestamp":1772161647066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a new method for identifying radiation modifications in UHMWPE polymer samples. The method involves using a mathematical technique called fractional order differential transformation on IR spectra obtained through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. This new method was compared to existing techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and DSC, and it was found to be more sensitive and accurate in detecting radiation-induced changes in the polymer. The study focused on identifying changes in weak IR bands in the UHMWPE samples caused by gamma sterilization while simulating IR spectra using different orders of fractional derivatives and compared them to experimental spectra. It was found that applying a lower order of differentiation was more suitable for identifying radiation-induced changes in the UHMWPE samples. Using this method, they were able to identify specific changes in the gamma irradiated structure, such as the splitting of a single absorption peak into a doublet, which was only present in the 50 kGy irradiated sample. The study also used correlation index analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchy cluster analysis to analyze the simulated and experimental spectra. These techniques allowed to confirm the effectiveness of the fractional order differential transformation method and to identify the specific regions of the IR spectra that were affected by radiation-induced changes in the UHMWPE samples. Overall, this study presents a new method for identifying radiation-induced changes in UHMWPE polymer samples that is more sensitive and accurate than existing techniques. By identifying these changes, researchers can better understand the effects of gamma sterilization on medical equipment and potentially develop new methods for sterilization that do not damage the equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T17:49:45Z","timestamp":1698342585000},"page":"e0286030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fractional order ATR-FTIR differential spectroscopy for detection of weak bands and assessing the radiation modifications in gamma sterilized UHMWPE"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Mudassir","family":"Saeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malik Sajjad","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8433-1514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Muddassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0286030.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2022.07.035","article-title":"4D printing of shape memory polymer composites: A review on fabrication techniques, applications, and future perspectives","volume":"81","author":"MY Khalid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0286030.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficient preconstruction of three-dimensional graphene networks for thermally conductive polymer composites","volume":"14","author":"H-Y Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Letters"},{"key":"pone.0286030.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.109639","article-title":"Recent advances of interphases in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites: a review","author":"H Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Composites Part B: Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0286030.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Solution-processable, soft, self-adhesive, and conductive polymer composites for soft electronics","volume":"13","author":"P Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"pone.0286030.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2017.06.127","article-title":"Assessment of \u03b3-sterilization and\/or cross linking effects on orthopedic biomaterial using optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy","volume":"144","author":"MS Mehmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"pone.0286030.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2019.02.045","article-title":"UHMWPE band-gap properties-II: Effect of post e-beam irradiation real time shelf aging in air","volume":"159","author":"MS Mehmood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0286030.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2019.108503","article-title":"Mueller matrix polarimetry for characterization of E-Beam irradiated Uhmwpe","volume":"166","author":"MS Mehmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0286030.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/7709","author":"R. 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