{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:35:52Z","timestamp":1791524152795,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005756","name":"Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreaks have been reported in various countries worldwide; however, there is no specific vaccine against MPXV. In this study, therefore, we employed computational approaches to design a multi-epitope vaccine against MPXV. Initially, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), linear B lymphocytes (LBL) epitopes were predicted from the cell surface-binding protein and envelope protein A28 homolog, both of which play essential roles in MPXV pathogenesis. All of the predicted epitopes were evaluated using key parameters. A total of 7 CTL, 4 HTL, and 5 LBL epitopes were chosen and combined with appropriate linkers and adjuvant to construct a multi-epitope vaccine. The CTL and HTL epitopes of the vaccine construct cover 95.57% of the worldwide population. The designed vaccine construct was found to be highly antigenic, non-allergenic, soluble, and to have acceptable physicochemical properties. The 3D structure of the vaccine and its potential interaction with Toll-Like receptor-4 (TLR4) were predicted. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the vaccine\u2019s high stability in complex with TLR4. Finally, codon adaptation and\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    cloning confirmed the high expression rate of the vaccine constructs in strain K12 of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). These findings are very encouraging; however,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and animal studies are needed to ensure the potency and safety of this vaccine candidate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T13:44:48Z","timestamp":1684849488000},"page":"e0286224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["In silico design and immunoinformatics analysis of a universal multi-epitope vaccine against monkeypox virus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Sanami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Nazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Raeisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tahir ul Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Tahmasebian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Pazoki-Toroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-1860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Ghatreh Samani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0286224.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855","article-title":"outbreak and the pathobiology of the monkeypox virus","volume":"2022","author":"N Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"pone.0286224.ref002","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/mpx_global\/#2_Global_situation_update. 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