{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:54:38Z","timestamp":1780372478081,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It is not clear why psychiatric disorders are more prevalent in the functional somatic syndromes than other general medical illnesses. This study assessed the correlates of psychiatric disorders in 3 functional syndromes and 3 general medical illnesses in a population-based sample.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Lifelines cohort study included 122,366 adults with relevant data for 6 self-reported conditions: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and diabetes. For each condition the proportion with a DSM-IV psychiatric disorder was assessed. In a cross-sectional design, logistic regression identified at baseline the variables most closely associated with current psychiatric disorder in participants with a pre-existing medical or functional condition. In a separate analysis the prevalence of psychiatric disorder prior to onset of these conditions was assessed. This was a longitudinal study with psychiatric disorder assessed at baseline in participants who subsequently developed a general medical or functional condition between baseline and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was higher (17\u201327%) in the functional somatic syndromes than the general medical illnesses (10.4\u201311.7%). The variables closely associated with psychiatric disorder were similar in the functional syndromes and general medical illnesses: stressful life events, chronic personal health difficulties, neuroticism, poor perception of general health, impairment of function due to physical illness and reported previous (lifetime) psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder prior to development of these disorder was similar to that of established disorders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the difference in prevalence, the correlates of psychiatric disorders were similar in functional and general medical disorders and included predisposing and environmental factors. The increased rate of psychiatric disorder in functional somatic syndromes appears to be evident before onset of the syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T17:35:37Z","timestamp":1685468137000},"page":"e0286410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Psychiatric disorders comorbid with general medical illnesses and functional somatic disorders: The Lifelines cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Creed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0286410.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000075977.90337.E7","article-title":"Medically unexplained physical symptoms, anxiety, and depression: a meta-analytic review.","volume":"65","author":"P Henningsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic medicine."},{"key":"pone.0286410.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.001","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive disorder among patients with fibromyalgia: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"245","author":"JS L\u00f8ge-Hagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0286410.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.10.006","article-title":"The Prevalence of Psychiatric and Chronic Pain Comorbidities in Fibromyalgia: an ACTTION systematic review","volume":"51","author":"BA Kleykamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0286410.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000979","article-title":"Cognitions, behaviours and co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.","volume":"43","author":"M Cella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological medicine."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0286410.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001065","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid mental and physical illnesses and risks for self-harm and premature death among primary care patients diagnosed with fatigue syndromes.","volume":"50","author":"MJ Carr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0286410.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz255","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Fibromyalgia, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome; Impact of the Disease on Quality of Life, Psychological Adjustment, and Use of Coping Strategies","volume":"22","author":"E Bucourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0286410.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000161","article-title":"Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From the LifeLines Cohort Study.","volume":"77","author":"KA Janssens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosomatic medicine."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0286410.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819868592","article-title":"Prevalence of functional somatic syndromes and bodily distress syndrome in the Danish population: the DanFunD study.","volume":"48","author":"MW Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0286410.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2017.01.012","article-title":"The interface between chronic fatigue syndrome and depression: A psychobiological and neurophysiological conundrum.","volume":"47","author":"D Larkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0286410.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.05.004","article-title":"Functional limitations in functional somatic syndromes and well-defined medical diseases. 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