{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:10:57Z","timestamp":1786705857266,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of low and high-risk HPV genotypes in PAP smear samples of women in northern region of the UAE using HPV direct flow CHIP method.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted between September 2021 to April 2022. A total of 104 liquid-based cervical cytology samples were obtained from women aged 20\u201359 years attending the Gynaecology out-patient department of Thumbay University Hospital and other hospitals of Northern Emirates of UAE, processed for the routine cytological examination to identify and differentiate morphological changes of the PAP smear samples. HPV genotyping was performed using HPV direct flow CHIP method.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 112 HPV genotypes were detected in 63 women (60.57%) included 18 abnormal cytological and 45 normal epithelial samples. 63 LR and 49 HR HPV genotypes were identified in all the 63 positive samples. Highest rate of infection with multiple LR and HR HPV genotypes were detected in women aged 40\u201349 years (25.9%) and 20\u201329 years (23.5%). Infection by HPV6 (13.46%), HPV11 (9.61%), HPV16 (9.61%), HPV62\/81 (7.69%) and HPV45 (7.69%) were the most common genotypes. A moderate increase than expected incidence of HPV45 and 62\/81 (7.69%) were detected. Co-infection with multiple low and high-risk genotypes is present in 20.2% cases; in that, HPV6 (15.9%) was the most common followed by HPV62\/81 (12.7%) and HPV16 (11.11%). The prevalence of HPV18 was found to be 1.6%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The genotypes 6, 45, 16, 11, 67, 62\/81 were the most common HPV infections in the women between the age group of 21 and 59-years-old. A moderate increase of HPV45, 62\/81 and much less prevalence of HPV18 were detected in the study population. 43.27% of the normal epithelia were positive to different low and high-risk HPV genotypes. This finding highlights the importance of molecular genotyping of HPV to emphasize the cervical screening triage.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T17:29:31Z","timestamp":1694021371000},"page":"e0286889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in PAP smear samples of women in northern region of United Arab Emirates (UAE): HPV Direct Flow CHIP system-based pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-044X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heba Issa","family":"Odeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5764-0899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara Rashid","family":"Al-badi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basma","family":"Karima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takrim Abdulwali","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-3780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nazeerullah","family":"Rahamathullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Hassan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-8971","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"May Khalil","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-8595","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahra","family":"Arshad Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0286889.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.1-17.2003","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"16","author":"E.M. Burd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbio Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0286889.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.","volume":"71","author":"H. Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref003","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cervical cancer. 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cervical-cancer."},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref004","unstructured":"ICO\/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer\u2013Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers, Fact Sheet 2021, U.A.E. www.hpvcentre.net\/statistics\/reprots\/ARE_FS.pdf."},{"issue":"9895","key":"pone.0286889.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60022-7","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"382","author":"E.J. Crosbie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref006","unstructured":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. IARC monographs 90\u20137: Studies of Cancer in Humans. http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Monographs\/vol90\/mono90-7.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0286889.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00617-5","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses: Diversity, infection and host interactions","volume":"20","author":"A.A. McBride","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0286889.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eov003","article-title":"Papillomaviruses: viral evolution, cancer and evolutionary medicine.","volume":"28","author":"I.G. 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Albawardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0286889.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70158-5","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"S.D. Sanjos\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.12.038","article-title":"Prevalence of human papilloma virus in Oman: Genotypes 82 and 68 are dominating","volume":"93","author":"Z. Al-Lawati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0286889.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21521","article-title":"The Pap Test and Bethesda 2014","volume":"123","author":"R. Nayar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2174\/1874357920130927004","article-title":"Detection and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Specimens with the HPV Direct Flow CHIP System.","volume":"18","author":"H.E. Herraez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Virol J."},{"issue":"18 Suppl","key":"pone.0286889.ref018","first-page":"106S","article-title":"The Indian Scene.","volume":"19","author":"R. Chopra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0286889.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.9.2579","article-title":"Colposcopic and Histological Outcome of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance and Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance Cannot Exclude High-Grade in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer.","volume":"20","author":"O. 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Rattan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10179","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10179","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and follow-up on positive results in 7222 female samples obtained from 2016 to 2019 in Hefei, China.","volume":"8","author":"L. Peng","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref030","first-page":"262","article-title":"High prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18 in cervical cancers of Cura\u00e7ao: implications for choice of prophylactic HPV vaccine","volume":"94","author":"D.J. Hooi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0286889.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-8-15","article-title":"HPV prevalence and genetic predisposition to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"G. 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Franceschi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"pone.0286889.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.01.024","article-title":"Pathology and epidemiology of HPV infection in females","volume":"117","author":"M. Stanley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol."},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1041","article-title":"Prevalence, genotype profile and risk factors for multiple human papillomavirus cervical infection in unimmunized female adolescents in Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil: a community-based study.","volume":"13","author":"R.R.F. Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0286889.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01732-8","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes among women attending gynecology clinics in northern Henan Province of China.","volume":"19","author":"X. Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol J."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0286889","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T17:29:55Z","timestamp":1694021395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0286889"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Olatunji Matthew","family":"Kolawole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0286889","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]}}}