{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:58:48Z","timestamp":1790740728341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis"},{"name":"Agence R\u00e9gionale de Sant\u00e9 (ARS) Ile-de-France"},{"name":"French Collaborative Institute on Migrations"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","award":["ANR-18-IDEX-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-IDEX-001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009060","name":"Sidaction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A0 2019- 12276 and 2022- 13327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0 2019- 12276 and 2022- 13327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s & Humanit\u00e9s of Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9"},{"name":"French Institute for Research on sustainable Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In France, combination prevention tools, particularly antiretroviral treatment for HIV prevention has been available for several years. We described the knowledge of these antiretroviral treatments among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, who are particularly affected by HIV, and the factors associated with this knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The data come from the Makasi study, which was conducted between 2019 and 2020 among precarious immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa recruited through a community-based outreach approach in the greater Paris area (n = 601). We described levels of knowledge of HIV treatment effectiveness (HTE), treatment as prevention (TasP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), by sex with chi2 test. We investigated factors associated with their knowledge with logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions and sexual behaviors (p\u22640.2).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Respondents were mostly men (76%), from West Africa (61%), in precarious situation: 69% were unemployed, 74% were undocumented and 46% had no health coverage. Among this population, knowledge of HIV preventive treatments was heterogeneous. While HTE was well known (84%); TasP was known by only half of the respondents (46%), and PEP and PrEP were hardly known: 6% and 5%, respectively. Multivariate regressions models showed that these antiretroviral treatments for the prevention of HIV was better known by people with a higher level of education (PEP: aOR = 3.33 [1.09\u201310.20], p = 0.03; HTE: aOR = 4.33 [1.87\u201310.04], p&lt;0.001), those who had a social network in France (TasP: aOR = 1.90, [1.33\u20132.73], p&lt;0.001), those who had access to the health system and those who were exposed to sexual risks (TasP: aOR = 3.17, [1.03\u20139.69], p = 0.04; PrEP: aOR = 2.60 [0.72\u20139.34], p = 0.14).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is a need for specific communication on antiretroviral treatment for HIV prevention that targets sub-Saharan immigrants, particularly those who have no access to the health-care system and those who are less educated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T17:37:52Z","timestamp":1686764272000},"page":"e0287288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Low knowledge of antiretroviral treatments for the prevention of HIV among precarious immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in the greater Paris area: Results from the Makasi project"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5038-8523","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karna","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severine","family":"Carillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Ta\u00e9ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Mbiribindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Desgr\u00e9es Du Lo\u00fb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Makasi study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0287288.ref001","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2016."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref002","article-title":"D\u00c9COUVERTES DE S\u00c9ROPOSITIVIT\u00c9 VIH ET DIAGNOSTICS DE SIDA\u2014FRANCE 2018","volume":"6","author":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France","year":"2019","journal-title":"BSP"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000957","article-title":"Is hardship during migration a determinant of HIV infection? Results from the ANRS PARCOURS study of sub-Saharan African migrants in France","volume":"30","author":"A Desgrees-du-Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30211-6","article-title":"Prevalence and circumstances of forced sex and post-migration HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan African migrant women in France: an analysis of the ANRS-PARCOURS retrospective population-based study","volume":"3","author":"J Pannetier","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref005","article-title":"When and why? Timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France.","author":"A Gosselin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e494","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30152-5","article-title":"HIV prevention with post-exposure prophylaxis-in-pocket","volume":"4","author":"A Heendeniya","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273","article-title":"On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection","volume":"373","author":"J-M Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1107487","article-title":"Antiretroviral Treatment as Prevention","volume":"365","author":"SM Hammer","year":"2011","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref009","author":"Minist\u00e8re des solidarit\u00e9s et de la sant\u00e9; Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la sant\u00e9.","journal-title":"Circulaire DGS\/DH\/DRT\/DSS n\u00b0 98\u2013228 du 9 avril 1998 relative aux recommandations de mise en oeuvre d\u2019un traitement antir\u00e9troviral apr\u00e8s exposition au risque de transmission du VIH."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref010","volume":"36","author":"(CNS)","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS\u2014Avis sur la place de la PrEP dans la pr\u00e9vention du VIH en France: changer de paradigme, changer d\u2019\u00e9chelle."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref011","article-title":"HIV is not transmitted under fully suppressive therapy: The Swiss Statement\u2013eight years later.","author":"P Vernazza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref012","volume-title":"Recommandation du groupe d\u2019experts. Rapport 2010","author":"P Yeni","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref013","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis among African migrants in high income countries: a systematic review.","author":"C Mwaturura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Health."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref014","volume-title":"Les populations africaines d\u2019\u00cele-de-France face au VIH-sida: connaissances, attitudes, croyances et comportements","author":"N. Lydi\u00e9","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref015","first-page":"609","article-title":"Infections VIH et VHB parmi les Afro-Carib\u00e9ens d\u2019\u00cele-de-France: des pr\u00e9valences \u00e9lev\u00e9es et des d\u00e9pistages insuffisants.","author":"C Larsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref016","article-title":"Mieux comprendre les d\u00e9fis de la m\u00e9dicalisation de la pr\u00e9vention du VIH en France: la prophylaxie pr\u00e9exposition au prisme des sciences sociales.","author":"S Carillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Health Promot."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref017","first-page":"110","article-title":"Acceptabilit\u00e9 et freins chez les populations africaines et carib\u00e9ennes vivant en \u00cele-de-France d\u2019une nouvelle offre de pr\u00e9vention du VIH: le Truvada\u00ae en prophylaxie pr\u00e9-exposition (PrEP). Une enqu\u00eate exploratoire","author":"L Hadj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref018","volume-title":"When care is traversed by borders: Ethnographies with migrants and healthcare professionals across Europe","author":"S Carillon","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7943-2","article-title":"Participatory development and pilot testing of the Makasi intervention: a community-based outreach intervention to improve sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants\u2019 empowerment in sexual health","volume":"19","author":"A Gosselin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development and Validation of an HIV\/AIDS Empowerment Scale for Impact Intervention Evaluation. An Example from the MAKASI Intervention","volume":"0","author":"A Ravalihasy","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Education"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref021","first-page":"10","article-title":"La courbe ROC (receiver operating characteristic): principes et principales applications en biologie clinique.","volume":"63","author":"H Delacour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928008827941","article-title":"Goodness of fit tests for the multiple logistic regression model.","volume":"9","author":"DW Hosmer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Communications in Statistics\u2014Theory and Methods"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref023","article-title":"Finding the missing link: when community-based outreach in public space is key to engage migrants in health prevention programmes in Paris, France.","author":"A Gosselin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02591-9","article-title":"Accessing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Perceptions of Current and Potential PrEP Users in Birmingham","volume":"23","author":"WS Rice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alabama. AIDS Behav"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref025","volume-title":"Programme national de lutte contre le VIH\/sida en direction des \u00e9trangers\/migrants vivant en France 2004\/2006.","author":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Protection sociale","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0287288.ref026","article-title":"Awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the black and minority ethnic (BME) community; a questionnaire survey in Leeds, UK.","author":"N Ekong","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIV Medicine."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref027","first-page":"0","article-title":"Knowledge and Use of PEP and PrEP Among Key Populations Tested in Community Centers in Portugal.","author":"D Sim\u00f5es","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref028","first-page":"156","volume-title":"Les connaissances, attitudes, croyances et comportements face au VIH \/ sida en Ile-de-France en 2010.","author":"N BELTZER","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10547-9","article-title":"What do patients consulting in a free sexual health center know about HIV transmission and post-exposure prophylaxis?","volume":"21","author":"C Duteil","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref030","volume-title":"EMIS-2017: the European men who have sex with men Internet survey: key findings from 50 countries","author":"The EMIS Network"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref031","article-title":"Enqu\u00eate de s\u00e9ropr\u00e9valence du VIH men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes fr\u00e9quentant les lieux de convivialit\u00e9 gay","author":"Rapport Pr\u00e9vagay 2015","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sante Publique France"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3917\/rn.206.0007","article-title":"Politiser la sant\u00e9 sexuelle: l\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes afrodescendantes au traitement pr\u00e9ventif du VIH.","volume":"6","author":"S Demart","year":"2020","journal-title":"La Revue Nouvelle"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref033","author":"CRIPS \u00ceLE-DE-FRANCE, Ikamb\u00e9r\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"R\u00e9ponses pour elles: questions de sant\u00e9 sexuelle."},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref034","author":"Afrique Avenir, Paris sans Sida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Les bonnes nouvelles"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref035","author":"AIDES. Prep4Love","year":"2021","journal-title":"Premi\u00e8re campagne nationale d\u2019information sur la Prep"},{"key":"pone.0287288.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3917\/dec.desgr.2017.01","volume-title":"Parcours: parcours de vie et de sant\u00e9 des Africains immigr\u00e9s en France","author":"A Desgr\u00e9es du Lo\u00fb","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T17:38:47Z","timestamp":1686764327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287288"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Maureen Musimbi","family":"Akolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287288","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]}}}