{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:15:14Z","timestamp":1788642914722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation Global Cancer Disparities Africa Collaboration for Multiple Myeloma ABCDES (Awareness and Building Capacity to Diagnose Early and Support) Program","award":["GRANT95856 95555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRANT95856 95555"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To profile the outcome of multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated at a South African tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and to compare MM in HIV-negative patients and MM in people living with HIV (PLWH).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective analysis of patients with MM was conducted over 5 years (2015\u20132020). Patient demographics, presenting complaints, symptom duration, disease stage, molecular profile, treatment, and survival data were captured. Statistical analysis was conducted using R Statistical software of the R Core Team, 2020, version 3.6.3.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>135 patients; 79% (n = 106) HIV-negative and 21% (n = 29) PLWH were investigated. 54% (n = 74) females and 57% (n = 76) 51\u201370-year-olds. The 40-50-year-old patient group had a significantly higher proportion of PLWH (p = 0.032). Pathological fractures were the commonest presenting complaint, 47% (n = 57 and 49% (n = 49) had International Staging System, stage III disease. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) MM profiling was completed in 58% (n = 78). Positivity for del 11q22 was found in 23.7% (n = 14) with significantly more HIV-negative patients having the mutation (p = 0.027). Overall, 42.2% (n = 57) achieved 2-year overall survival (OS). There were no significant differences in treatment (p = 0.926) and 2-year survival outcome (p = 0.792) between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The incidence of HIV in newly diagnosed MM patients in KZN was increasing. KZN patient profile differed from other reports by showing female predominance but was similar in advanced-stage presentation and bone fracture predominance. Statistically significant differences between the HIV-negative patients and PLWH were observed in age distribution and mutational landscape. Further studies are required in this area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T17:42:19Z","timestamp":1698255739000},"page":"e0287304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Profile and outcome of multiple myeloma with and without HIV treated at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-0844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lungisile Hildegard","family":"Chili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mackraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Rapiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0287304.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-016-2888-3","article-title":"Improved clinical outcomes for multiple myeloma patients treated at a single specialty clinic","volume":"96","author":"A Berenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0287304.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-116129","article-title":"Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies","volume":"111","author":"SK Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"pone.0287304.ref003","first-page":"2018","volume-title":"Wintrobe\u2019s clinical hematology: Fourteenth edition.","author":"AD Greer JP","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0287304.ref004","author":"AJ Van der Walt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multiple Myeloma at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0287304.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v21i1.11","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma at the Uganda Cancer Institute","volume":"21","author":"CD Okello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"pone.0287304.ref006","volume-title":"The Occurence of multiple myeloma at Dr George Mukhari Hospital","author":"RK Rankapole","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0287304.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4314\/gmj.v53i1.8","article-title":"Presentation and survival of multiple myeloma patients in Ghana: a review of 169 cases.","volume":"53","author":"ME Acquah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0287304.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022031","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2022.031","article-title":"Real World Multiple Myeloma Registry from Jordan, a Developing Country.","volume":"14","author":"F Qasem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0287304.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0287304.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.2128","article-title":"Global Burden of Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"4","author":"AJ Cowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0287304.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08280-y","article-title":"Measuring the global, regional, and national burden of multiple myeloma from 1990 to 2019","volume":"21","author":"L Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0287304.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13264","article-title":"Understanding mortality in multiple myeloma: Findings of a European retrospective chart review","volume":"103","author":"M Mohty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"pone.0287304.ref013","article-title":"Are African primary physicians suspicious enough?","author":"E. 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