{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:22:19Z","timestamp":1790284939033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population-level surveillance systems have demonstrated reduced transmission of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined whether this reduction translated to reduced hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits associated with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus\/enterovirus, and common cold coronavirus in Ontario.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospital admissions were identified from the Discharge Abstract Database and exclude elective surgical admissions and non-emergency medical admissions (January 2017-March 2022). Emergency department (ED) visits were identified from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were used to classify hospital visits by virus type (January 2017-May 2022).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for all viruses were reduced to near-trough levels. Hospitalizations and ED visits for influenza (9,127\/year and 23,061\/year, respectively) were nearly absent throughout the pandemic (two influenza seasons; April 2020-March 2022). Hospitalizations and ED visits for RSV (3,765\/year and 736\/year, respectively) were absent for the first RSV season during the pandemic, but returned for the 2021\/2022 season. This resurgence of hospitalizations for RSV occurred earlier in the season than expected, was more likely among younger infants (age \u22646 months), more likely among older children (aged 6.1\u201324 months), and less likely to comprise of patients residing in higher areas of ethnic diversity (p&lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduced the burden of other respiratory infections on patients and hospitals. The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in the 2022\/23 season remains to be seen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T17:23:53Z","timestamp":1686936233000},"page":"e0287395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Changes in hospitalizations and emergency department respiratory viral diagnosis trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-9105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven","family":"Habbous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susy","family":"Hota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa G.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Hellsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0287395.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445","article-title":"Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections","volume":"7","author":"M Moriyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0287395.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac355","article-title":"A Proposal to Refer to Four Coronaviruses of Limited Human Virulence \u201cCommon Cold Coronaviruses.\u201d","volume":"226","author":"K McIntosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0287395.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i03a02","article-title":"Seasonality of coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses in Canada: Implications for COVID-19","volume":"47","author":"P Lagac\u00e9-Wiens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"pone.0287395.ref004","unstructured":"National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System | CDC [Internet]. 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