{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:42:18Z","timestamp":1792802538362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/005m60g68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A fundamental element of gender equity are women\u2019s rights to reproductive choice. Women\u2019s empowerment is often linked to enabling decisions around contraceptive use and reduced fertility worldwide, although limited evidence is currently available around contraceptive use and decision making in ASEAN countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between women\u2019s empowerment and contraceptive use in five selected ASEAN member states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the latest Demographic and Health Survey of Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, The Philippines, and Timor-Leste were used. The main outcome was contraceptive use among married women (15\u201349 years) from these five countries. We considered four indicators of empowerment: labor force participation; disagreement with reasons for wife beating; decision-making power over household issues; and knowledge level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Labor force participation was found to be significantly associated with contraceptive use in all nations. Disagreement with justification of wife beating was not significantly related to contraceptive use in any country. Decision-making power (higher) was only associated with contraceptive use in Cambodia, while higher knowledge levels were associated with contraceptive use in Cambodia, and Myanmar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests women\u2019s labor force participation is an important determinant of contraceptive use. Policies designed to open the labor market and empower women through education should be implemented to enable women\u2019s participation. Gender inequality may also be tackled by engaging women in decision-making processes at national, community and family levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T13:27:06Z","timestamp":1687872426000},"page":"e0287442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Women\u2019s empowerment and contraceptive use: Recent evidence from ASEAN countries"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-9196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ferry","family":"Efendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susy Katikana","family":"Sebayang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erni","family":"Astutik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Reisenhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0287442.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e916","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30292-9","article-title":"The SWPER index for women\u2019s empowerment in Africa: development and validation of an index based on survey data","volume":"5","author":"F Ewerling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"pone.0287442.ref002","article-title":"Feminising the Economy: Women\u2019s Empowerment and Economic Development in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).","author":"HH Bastaman","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10032","key":"pone.0287442.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00519-X","article-title":"Countdown to 2015: a decade of tracking progress for maternal, newborn, and child survival","volume":"387","author":"CG Victora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10017","key":"pone.0287442.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00838-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group","volume":"387","author":"L Alkema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0287442.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7660.00125","article-title":"Resources agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women\u2019s empowerment","volume":"30","author":"N. 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