{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:32:27Z","timestamp":1792132347599,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008730","name":"Norwegian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201906-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201906-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fear of surgery has been associated with more postoperative pain, disability, and a lower quality of life among patients undergoing various surgical procedures. While qualitative studies indicate breast cancer patients to be afraid of surgery, detailed quantitative analyses are lacking. The present research aimed at investigating the prevalence, severity, and sources of fear of surgery in this patient group and to compare patients reporting different degrees of such fear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study included 204 breast cancer patients, 18\u201370 years old, and scheduled for surgery at Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Following their preoperative visit participants completed validated psychological questionnaires online. Among these, the primary outcome measure, the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ; scores: 0\u201310 per item, 0\u201380 overall). Patients were grouped based on SFQ-percentiles (&lt;25\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      = little, 25\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u201375\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      = moderate and &gt;75\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile = high fear) and compared on psychological (anxiety, depression, experienced injustice, optimism and expected postsurgical pain), sociodemographic, and medical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>195 patients completed the SFQ. On average fear of surgery was low (M = 26.41, SD = 16.0, median = 26, min-max = 0\u201380), but omnipresent. Only 1.5% (n = 3) indicated no fear at all. Overall, patients feared surgery itself the most (M = 3.64, SD = 2.8). Groups differed significantly (p &lt; .001) in their experience of anxiety, depression, and injustice, as well as their disposition to be optimistic, and expectance of postsurgical pain. Differences between groups concerning demographic and medical information were largely insignificant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was the first to demonstrate fear of surgery to be prevalent and relevant among female breast cancer patients. The higher a patients\u2019 fear group, the poorer their preoperative psychological constitution. This, largely irrespective of their current diagnoses or treatments, medical history, and demographics. Fear of surgery might thus cater as a prognostic marker and treatment target in this patient group. However, given the cross-sectional character of the present data, prognostic studies are needed to evaluate such claims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1687629725000},"page":"e0287641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A cross-sectional study of fear of surgery in female breast cancer patients: Prevalence, severity, and sources, as well as relevant differences among patients experiencing high, moderate, and low fear of surgery"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-9853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sophia","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-0003","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henrik B\u00f8rsting","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5870-4906","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silje Endresen","family":"Reme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0287641.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1057","article-title":"Prevalence of acute and post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid mental disorders in breast cancer patients during primary cancer care: a prospective study","volume":"16","author":"A Mehnert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2009.05210.x","article-title":"Coping with breast cancer: between diagnosis and surgery","volume":"66","author":"S Drageset","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref003","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2016","volume":"66","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2016","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Breast cancer. In: World Health Organization Newsroom [Internet]. 26 Mar 2021 [cited 15 May 2022]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/breast-cancer"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.19323","article-title":"Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review","volume":"321","author":"AG Waks","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000131","article-title":"Predictors of Initial Levels and Trajectories of Anxiety in Women Prior to and For Six Months Following Breast Cancer Surgery","volume":"37","author":"M Kyranou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref007","first-page":"215","article-title":"Anxiety in women with breast cancer undergoing treatment: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"CC Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9413-9","article-title":"Short-Term and Long-Term Psychosocial Adjustment and Quality of Life in Women Undergoing Different Surgical Procedures for Breast Cancer","volume":"14","author":"PA Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1159\/000177654","article-title":"The Course of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer and Gynaecological Cancer","volume":"3","author":"R Schwarz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breast Care (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.470105.x","article-title":"Preoperative emotional states in patients with breast cancer and postoperative pain","volume":"47","author":"G Ozalp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199912000-00003","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anesthetic requirements","volume":"89","author":"I Maranets","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2017.71.330-333","article-title":"Impact of Preoperative Anxiety in Patients on Hemodynamic Changes and a Dose of Anesthetic During Induction of Anesthesia","volume":"71","author":"J Ahmetovic-Djug","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-013-1712-7","article-title":"The effect of preoperative anxiety on postoperative analgesia and anesthesia recovery in patients undergoing laparascopic cholecystectomy","volume":"28","author":"A Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10474","article-title":"Association between psychological health and wound complications after surgery","volume":"104","author":"P Britteon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181aae87a","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"111","author":"HYV Ip","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31824549d6","article-title":"Preoperative anxiety and catastrophizing: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association with chronic postsurgical pain","volume":"28","author":"M Theunissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2011.01278.x","article-title":"Depressive symptoms before and after elective hysterectomy","volume":"40","author":"AD Vandyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(03)00052-X","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass grafting patients","volume":"18","author":"J Rymaszewska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_180_19","article-title":"Preoperative Anxiety in Adult Patients Undergoing Day Care Surgery: Prevalence and Associated Factors","volume":"42","author":"M Jiwanmall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100225","article-title":"Validation of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in Adult Patients Waiting for Elective Surgery","volume":"9","author":"M Theunissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000381933","article-title":"Breast Cancer Patients\u2019 Fear of Treatment: Results from the Multicenter Longitudinal Study BRENDA II","volume":"10","author":"S Singer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Care (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05638.x","article-title":"Being in suspense: women\u2019s experiences awaiting breast cancer surgery: Women\u2019s experiences awaiting breast cancer surgery","volume":"67","author":"S Drageset","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgi035","article-title":"Characteristics of women refusing follow-up for tests or symptoms suggestive of breast cancer","author":"S Weinmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref024","unstructured":"Wittmann V. THE HEALING EFFECT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS IN BREAST CANCER\u2014FROM SURGICAL FEAR TO ENHANCED LONG-TERM QUALITY OF LIFE. Doctoral Thesis, University of Szeged. http:\/\/doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu\/id\/eprint\/10146\/3\/Wittmann%20Victoria_T%C3%A9zisf%C3%BCzet_A.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181b43d68","article-title":"Predictors of Acute Postoperative Pain After Elective Surgery","volume":"26","author":"M Sommer","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31819a6e34","article-title":"Predictive Factors of Postoperative Pain After Day-case Surgery","volume":"25","author":"H-F Gramke","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000245495.79781.65","article-title":"Somatic and Psychologic Predictors of Long-term Unfavorable Outcome After Surgical Intervention","volume":"245","author":"ML Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001170","article-title":"Psychological factors predict an unfavorable pain trajectory after hysterectomy: a prospective cohort study on chronic postsurgical pain","volume":"159","author":"PR Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3980","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003980","article-title":"Recovery 3 and 12 months after hysterectomy","volume":"95","author":"M Theunissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000207","article-title":"Prevalence and predictive factors of chronic postsurgical pain and poor global recovery 1 year after outpatient surgery","volume":"31","author":"DMN Hoofwijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0201511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201511","article-title":"Validity and time course of surgical fear as measured with the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in patients undergoing cataract surgery","volume":"13","author":"M Theunissen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0268606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268606","article-title":"Pre- and post-operative psychological interventions to prevent pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery (PREVENT): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"SE Reme","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","article-title":"2016 Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria","volume":"46","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0002","article-title":"Fibromyalgia 2016 criteria and assessments: comprehensive validation in a Norwegian population","volume":"20","author":"EA Fors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31828e156f","article-title":"Predicting acute pain after cesarean delivery using three simple questions","volume":"118","author":"PH Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen103","article-title":"Assessment of pain","volume":"101","author":"H Breivik","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref037","unstructured":"Leiknes KA, Dalsb\u00f8 TK, Siqveland J. M\u00e5leegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). [Psychometric assessment of the Norwegian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)]. 50. Folkehelseinstituttet; 2016. https:\/\/fhi.brage.unit.no\/fhi-xmlui\/handle\/11250\/2486813"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3","article-title":"The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review","volume":"52","author":"I Bjelland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n972","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n972","article-title":"Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) to screen for major depression: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"373","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2017.07.005","article-title":"Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test\u2013Revised (LOT-R)","volume":"17","author":"I Schou-Bredal","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.6.1063","article-title":"Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test","volume":"67","author":"MF Scheier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-008-9140-5","article-title":"The role of perceived injustice in the experience of chronic pain and disability: scale development and validation","volume":"18","author":"MJL Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-011-0210-5","article-title":"The association between idiopathic environmental intolerance and psychological distress, and the influence of social support and recent major life events","volume":"17","author":"S Skovbjerg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00294.x","article-title":"How can I deal with missing data in my study?","volume":"25","author":"DA Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800102","article-title":"Multiple imputation: a primer","volume":"8","author":"JL Schafer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A Test of Missing Completely at Random for Multivariate Data with Missing Values","volume":"83","author":"RJA Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref048","unstructured":"Buuren S van. Flexible Imputation of Missing Data, Second Edition. CRC Press; 2018."},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.15452\/cejnm.2021.12.0022","article-title":"The Czech version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire: measuring validity and reliability","volume":"13","author":"R Zelen\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.07.014","article-title":"Risk Factors for Persistent Postsurgical Pain in Women Undergoing Hysterectomy Due to Benign Causes: A Prospective Predictive Study","volume":"13","author":"PR Pinto","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.08.017","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression and well-being after hysterectomy: An observational study","volume":"217","author":"M Theunissen","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2021.08.014","article-title":"The Effect of Preoperative Fear and Related Factors on Patients\u2019 Postcataract Surgery Comfort Level: A Regression Study","volume":"37","author":"S Taylan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001162","article-title":"Assessment of Level of Fear in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Urogynecologic and Gynecologic Procedures and Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Validated Surgical Fear Questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"E Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.33457\/ijhsrp.930665","article-title":"THE EFFECT OF SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING ON SURGICAL FEAR IN PATIENTS SCHEDULED TO HAVE ABDOMINAL SURGERY","volume":"6","author":"G Kapikiran","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP180410002J","article-title":"Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ)\u2014Serbian cultural adaptation","volume":"77","author":"SM Jankovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"VSP"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2017.05.007","article-title":"Validation of the Turkish Version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire","volume":"33","author":"M Ba\u011fdigen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2021.08.004","article-title":"Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire","volume":"37","author":"G Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref059","first-page":"303","article-title":"Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in Brazilian Surgery Patients","volume":"28","author":"AC Mesquita Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"MEDSURG NURS"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref060","unstructured":"The Norwegian Directorate of Health. Cancer patient pathways in Norway. 25 Nov 2020 [cited 14 Jun 2022]. https:\/\/www.helsenorge.no\/en\/sykdom\/kreft\/cancer-patient-pathways\/"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref061","unstructured":"The Norwegian Directorate of Health. Brystkreft\u2013handlingsprogram. In: Helsedirektoratet [Internet]. 23 Mar 2022 [cited 14 Jun 2022]. https:\/\/www.helsedirektoratet.no\/retningslinjer\/brystkreft-handlingsprogram"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref062","unstructured":"Cancer Registry of Norway. \u00c5rsrapport for brystkreft 2021. May 2022 [cited 19 Jul 2022]. https:\/\/www.kreftregisteret.no\/Generelt\/Rapporter\/Arsrapport-fra-kvalitetsregistrene\/Arsrapport-for-brystkreft\/arsrapport-for-brystkreft-2021\/"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2021.06.013","article-title":"Quality indicators for breast cancer care: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"M Maes-Carballo","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Breast"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.341","article-title":"Chronic preoperative pain and psychological robustness predict acute postoperative pain outcomes after surgery for breast cancer","volume":"107","author":"J Bruce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.028","article-title":"Psychological, surgical, and sociodemographic predictors of pain outcomes after breast cancer surgery: A population-based cohort study","volume":"155","author":"J Bruce","year":"2014","journal-title":"PAIN\u00ae"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000859","article-title":"Does expecting more pain make it more intense? Factors associated with the first week pain trajectories after breast cancer surgery","volume":"158","author":"RM Sipil\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1300950","article-title":"Physical symptoms and working performance in female breast cancer survivors: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"K Zomkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac006","article-title":"The Mediating Effect of Perceived Injustice and Pain Catastrophizing in the Relationship of Pain on Fatigue and Sleep in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"23","author":"A Lahousse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw099","article-title":"Risk factors, prevalence, and course of severe fatigue after breast cancer treatment: a meta-analysis involving 12 327 breast cancer survivors","volume":"27","author":"HJG Abrahams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Oncology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.896","article-title":"The mediating role of appraisal and coping in the relationship between optimism-pessimism and quality of life","volume":"14","author":"I Schou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000298","article-title":"Predictive factors for the development of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery","volume":"156","author":"KG Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57050454","article-title":"Anxiety and Depression in Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer and Waiting for Surgery: Prevalence and Associations with Socio-Demographic Variables","volume":"57","author":"C Civilotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref073","unstructured":"Tesli MS, Handal M, Torvik FA, Knudsen AKS, Odsbu I, Gustavson K, et al. Psykiske lidelser hos voksne. In: Folkehelseinstituttet [Internet]. [cited 12 Jun 2022]. https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/nettpub\/hin\/psykisk-helse\/psykiske-lidelser-voksne\/"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2020.101892","article-title":"Perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety and depression among women with breast cancer: Evaluation of a mediation model","volume":"50","author":"H Zamanian","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Oncology Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172975","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172975","article-title":"Perceived distress and its association with depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"CG Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217505278310","article-title":"Social Support as a Mediator Between Symptom Distress and Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer","volume":"34","author":"J. Manning-Walsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3523","article-title":"Social support and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer: a longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"J Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.2002.00653.x","article-title":"Social support and its relation to fear and anxiety in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"11","author":"M Koivula","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1198\/000313001300339897","article-title":"The Abuse of Power: The Pervasive Fallacy of Power Calculations for Data Analysis","volume":"55","author":"JM Hoenig","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Statistician"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakens D. The 20% Statistician: Observed power, and what to do if your editor asks for post-hoc power analyses. In: The 20% Statistician [Internet]. 19 Dec 2014 [cited 22 Jun 2022]. http:\/\/daniellakens.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/observed-power-and-what-to-do-if-your.html","DOI":"10.1145\/2636163.2639483"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986030002141","article-title":"On the Post Hoc Power in Testing Mean Differences","volume":"30","author":"K-H Yuan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.08.009","article-title":"Anger and fear responses to stress have different biological profiles","volume":"24","author":"WG Moons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"pone.0287641.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.09.007","article-title":"Delayed presentation and diagnosis of breast cancer in African women: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"C Espina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287641","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T20:36:30Z","timestamp":1729629390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287641"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Dominguez-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287641","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]}}}