{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:46:46Z","timestamp":1789480006542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify how riding rein direction (left and right) and rider asymmetry affect t\u00f6lt performance in Icelandic horses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two horses were ridden in t\u00f6lt by four riders on both left and right reins. Riders wore pressure insoles that measured the total absolute force (F<jats:sub>Abs<\/jats:sub>) and absolute force difference (F<jats:sub>Diff<\/jats:sub>) in their left and right feet in the stirrups. A 3D motion-analysis system recorded the degrees of side-to-side movement in the pelvis (RollP) and in the thoracolumbar region (RollT). Lateral advanced placement (LAP) and duty factor (DF) were calculated to determine t\u00f6lt performance. One-way ANOVAs were used to assess the effect of rein direction on rider asymmetry variables (F<jats:sub>Abs<\/jats:sub>, F<jats:sub>Diff<\/jats:sub>, RollP and RollT) and t\u00f6lt performance (LAP, DF) on a group level (n = 8). Within-subject Spearman rank correlations (\u03c1) were computed to determine the effect of rider asymmetry variables on t\u00f6lt performance on an individual level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LAP was closer to 25% on the left rein compared to the right rein (mean difference: 1.8\u00b11.2%; F<jats:sub>(1,7)<\/jats:sub>= 16.333; p = 0.005, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>= 0.700). In addition, DF was lower on the left rein compared to the right rein (mean difference: 1.9\u00b10.8%; F<jats:sub>(1,7)<\/jats:sub>= 41.299; p&lt;0.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>= 0.855). Individual relationships between RollT and LAP ranged from small negative to very large positive and reached significance for one rider (<jats:italic>\u03c1 =<\/jats:italic>0.730; p = 0.040). Individual relationships between RollP and DF ranged from very large negative to very large positive and reached significance for two riders (<jats:italic>\u03c1 =<\/jats:italic>0.731; p = 0.040;<jats:italic>\u03c1 = -<\/jats:italic>0.723 p = 0.043).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rein direction might influence t\u00f6lt performance. Individual relationships between rider asymmetry and t\u00f6lt performance were highly variable and reached significance in some instances, indicating that the relationship between rider asymmetry and t\u00f6lt performance is highly individual. This type of biomechanical data can be used to provide valuable feedback to guide equestrians and coaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T17:29:42Z","timestamp":1687886982000},"page":"e0287748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomechanical variables in Icelandic horse riders and the effect on t\u00f6lt performance: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0542-1069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. 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