{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:45:34Z","timestamp":1765889134127,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-00239879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00239879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SNUDH Research Grant","award":["Grant no. 04-2021-0113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant no. 04-2021-0113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A proper disinfection of denture is vital to prevent a fungal infection. A study on the feasibility of microencapsulated phytochemical as complementary disinfectant and its interaction with effervescent tablet immersion on denture base resin is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of phytochemical-filled microcapsules as disinfectant for the inhibition of <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>) attachment on the denture base produced by digital light processing (DLP).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>54 denture base specimens uniformly mixed with or without 5wt% phytochemical-filled microcapsules were prepared using DLP. Fungal cells were inoculated onto the surfaces of the specimens, which were divided into three different disinfection treatment groups (n = 9): 1) none, 2) sterile tap water immersion for 15 min, and 3) effervescent tablet immersion for 15 min. After each treatment, the biofilm on denture surface was stained with a crystal violet solution to measure the absorbance. The number of fungal colonies was counted as colony-forming units (CFU) per mL. Morphological changes were examined by microscopy. An aligned rank transform analysis of variance was performed to analyze the interaction of presence of microcapsule and disinfection condition, with statistical significance set at P &lt; 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both for the absorbance and CFU, there was no significant interaction between the presence of microcapsules and disinfection conditions (P = 0.543 and P = 0.077, respectively). The presence of microcapsules was statistically significant (both P &lt; 0.001), while the effect of disinfection condition was not significant (P = 0.165 and P = 0.189, respectively). Morphological changes in fungi were detected in the groups containing microcapsules, whereas undamaged hyphal structures were found in those without microcapsules, irrespective of disinfection treatments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The presence of phytochemical-filled microcapsules significantly reduced the adhesion of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic> and inhibited its proliferation on denture surfaces, regardless of disinfection conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T18:03:57Z","timestamp":1689185037000},"page":"e0287867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Feasibility of microencapsulated phytochemical as disinfectant for inhibition of Candida albicans proliferation on denture base produced by digital light processing"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ye-Hyeon","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9597-6342","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyung-In","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0287867.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.10.004","article-title":"Chemical cleaning methods for prostheses colonized by Candida spp.: A systematic review","volume":"124","author":"GDS Ribeiro Rocha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00698.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis","volume":"20","author":"L Gendreau","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2003.04.002","article-title":"Denture stomatitis: A role for Candida biofilms","volume":"98","author":"G Ramage","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2002.00025.x","article-title":"Colonization of denture plaque by respiratory pathogens in dependent elderly","volume":"19","author":"Y Sumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0287867.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2010.00683.x","article-title":"Evidence\u2010based guidelines for the care and maintenance of complete dentures: A publication of the American College of Prosthodontists","volume":"20","author":"D Felton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2002.00816.x","article-title":"Oral hygiene habits, denture cleanliness, presence of yeasts and stomatitis in elderly people","volume":"29","author":"Y Kulak\u2010Ozkan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(98)70161-1","article-title":"Use of microwave energy to disinfect a long-term soft lining material contaminated with Candida albicans or Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"79","author":"A Baysan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-007-0136-x","article-title":"The oral hygiene and denture status among residential home residents","volume":"12","author":"GC Akar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2011.09.006","article-title":"Effects of different denture cleaning methods to remove Candida albicans from acrylic resin denture based material","volume":"6","author":"HE Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"pone.0287867.ref010","first-page":"1434","article-title":"The role of Candida albicans in the development of stomatitis in denture wearers","volume":"33","author":"E. 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