{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:01:39Z","timestamp":1792688499780,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the 21<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> century, India is still struggling to reduce the burden of malnutrition and child mortality, which is much higher than the neighbouring countries such as Nepal and Shri Lanka. Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) predispose early-age growth faltering and premature mortality among children below the age of five. Thus, highlighting the determinants of LBW and PTB is necessary to achieve sustainable development goals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study provides macro-level estimates of PTB and LBW and aims to highlight the nature of the association between various demographic, socioeconomic, and maternal obstetric variables with these outcomes using a nationally representative dataset.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data on 170,253 most recent births from the National Family health survey (NFHS-5) 2019\u201321 was used for the analysis. The estimates of PTB and LBW are measured by applying sample weights. The correlates of LBW and PTB were analyzed using logistic models.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were cross-state disparities in the prevalence of PTB and LBW. In India, an estimated 12% and 18% of children were LBW and PTB, respectively, in 2019\u201321. Maternal obstetric and anthropometric factors such as lack of antenatal care, previous caesarean delivery, and short-stature mothers were associated positively with adverse birth outcomes such as LBW and PTB. However, a few correlates were found to be differently associated with PTB and LBW. Mothers belonging to richer wealth status had higher chances of having a preterm birth (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11\u20131.20) in comparison to poor mothers. In contrast, the odds of having LBW infants were found to be increased with the decreasing level of the mother\u2019s education and wealth quintile.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In India, PTB and LBW can be improved by strengthening existing ante-natal care services and evaluating the effects of the history of caesarean births on future pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T17:39:32Z","timestamp":1692293972000},"page":"e0287919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Correlates of low birth weight and preterm birth in India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-4614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arup","family":"Jana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0287919.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61492-4","article-title":"Reproductive health, and child health and nutrition in India: meeting the challenge","volume":"377","author":"VK Paul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.183","article-title":"State of newborn health in India","volume":"36","author":"MJ Sankar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00776-0","article-title":"Determinants of adverse birth outcomes among women delivered in public hospitals of Ethiopia, 2020","volume":"80","author":"M Abadiga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2","article-title":"Born Too Soon: The global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births","volume":"10","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0440-4","article-title":"Small for gestational age births among South Indian women: temporal trend and risk factors from 1996 to 2010","volume":"15","author":"T Sebastian","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00837-5","article-title":"Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030","volume":"387","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.062554","article-title":"The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity","volume":"88","author":"S Beck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pone.0287919.ref008","unstructured":"UN SDGs. 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