{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1793047945119,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hearing loss has been pointed out as a potential predictor for cognitive decline. This study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the scientific evidence on the association between hearing loss in the elderly and cognitive decline, as well as whether race\/color influences this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The search for studies was performed in the following electronic databases: MedLine\/PubMed Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library, and MedRkiv up to August 2022. Studies with epidemiological designs that assess the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly were eligible for inclusion. Three independent reviewers performed the selection, data extraction and evaluation of the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis using a random effects model estimated the global association measurements (Beta coefficient: \u03b2) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and the Higgins and Thompson indicator (I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was also estimated to assess statistical heterogeneity among the studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>5,207 records were identified in the database surveys, of which only 18 were eligible studies, totaling 19,551 individuals. Hearing loss was associated with cognitive decline in the elderly, with statistical significance: \u03b2 = -0.13; 95%CI = -0.23 to -0.04; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 98.70%). For black individuals, the magnitude of the association increased: \u03b2 = -0.64; 95%CI = -3.36 to 2.07; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 95.65%, but it was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings of this systematic review showed the existence of a significant relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly, as well as signaling that among black individuals the magnitude of the association can be increased.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T18:41:56Z","timestamp":1699555316000},"page":"e0288099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly: A systematic review with meta-analysis study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Santos de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Suzart","family":"Gomes-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna Maria","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle de Santana","family":"Xavier Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9520-5177","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julita Maria","family":"Freitas Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-419X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adan Ara\u00fajo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Marcelo","family":"Hintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ris","family":"Firmino Rabelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia Morais Godoy","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9410-5676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simone Seixas","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0288099.ref001","first-page":"7","article-title":"Longevity Economics: a review of the bibliography Brazilian society on population aging","author":"J. Felix","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anais VIII Meeting of the Brazilian Association of Health Economics"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref002","author":"IBGE BI of G and S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proje\u00e7\u00e3o da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira: n\u00famero de habitantes do pa\u00eds deve parar de crescer em 2047."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz009","article-title":"Hearing Loss and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"60","author":"BJ Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontologist. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref004","first-page":"773","article-title":"Auditory rehabilitation of the elderly","author":"I. Russo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Audiology Treaty. S\u00e3o Paulo: Campos"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref005","first-page":"537","article-title":"Routes of healing and care of elderly individuals with hearing loss.","volume":"18","author":"JC Scheffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade Soc."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31134-4","article-title":"Audiology and aging: Literature review and current horizons.","volume":"73","author":"R Veras","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref007","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Periodontal systemic associations: review of the evidence.","volume":"84","author":"GJ Linden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Periodontol. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2012\/12-0026)","article-title":"Hearing technology and cognition.","volume":"21","author":"S Kalluri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Audiol. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref009","first-page":"9","article-title":"The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? J Clin Med","author":"J Sarant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Switzerland"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69113-7","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"368","author":"K Blennow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"G Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00071413","article-title":"The association between skin color\/race and health indicators in elderly Brazilians: a study based on the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (2008).","volume":"30","author":"Thomaz EBAF Oliveira BLCA de","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica. Brazil;"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref013","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Black population racism and aging.","author":"DF Rabelo","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref014","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Black population: from historical iniquities to the search for full citizenship in old age.","author":"A. Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Treaty of Geriatrics and Gerontology. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref015","first-page":"e180004","article-title":"Racial inequities and aging: analysis of the 2010 cohort of the Health, Welfare and Aging Study (SABE).","volume":"2102","author":"A da Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref016","first-page":"155","article-title":"A review of new insights on the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline in ageing.","volume":"36","author":"S Fortunato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. Italy"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.2513","article-title":"Association of Age-Related Hearing Loss With Cognitive Function, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"DG Loughrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20496-w","article-title":"The risk of cognitive impairment associated with hearing function in older adults: a pooled analysis of data from eleven studies.","volume":"8","author":"J Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100963","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and tinnitus, dementia risk, and auditory amplification outcomes.","volume":"56","author":"Z Jafari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.08.010","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline\u2014The potential mechanisms linking the two.","volume":"46","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx. Netherlands"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315585505","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hearing Health Care Among Older Americans.","volume":"28","author":"CL Nieman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Aging Health. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215121004114","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis and systematic review of population-based studies.","volume":"136","author":"K Lau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref023","first-page":"378","article-title":"The Relationship between Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis.","volume":"23","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun Sci Disord. The Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5354","article-title":"Hearing-impaired population performance and the effect of hearing interventions on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"35","author":"N Utoomprurkporn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement.","volume":"75","author":"J McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601","article-title":"Panethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"11","author":"PA Modesti","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref029","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.","author":"G Wells","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Ottawa Hospital: Research Institute."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref030","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref031","first-page":"1","article-title":"A methodological review of how heterogeneity has been examined in systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy.","volume":"9","author":"J Dinnes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref033","first-page":"3","article-title":"Calcular e apresentar tamanhos do efeito em trabalhos cient\u00edficos (1): As limita\u00e7\u00f5es do p < 0,05 na an\u00e1lise de diferen\u00e7as de m\u00e9dias de dois grupos | Calculating and reporting effect sizes on scientific papers (1): p < 0.05 limitations in the analysis of mean differences of two groups.","volume":"1","author":"H Espirito Santo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000507214","article-title":"A Study on the Relationship between Cognitive Performance, Hearing Impairment, and Frailty in Older Adults.","volume":"49","author":"V Bonfiglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. Switzerland"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12339","article-title":"Hearing impairment and missing cognitive test scores in a population-based study of older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities neurocognitive study","volume":"17","author":"JA Deal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749273","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.749273","article-title":"The Relationship Between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Impairment in a Chinese Elderly Population: The Baseline Analysis.","volume":"15","author":"X Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci. Switzerland;"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16933","article-title":"Longitudinal Association Between Hearing Loss, Vision Loss, Dual Sensory Loss, and Cognitive Decline.","volume":"69","author":"S Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc. United States;"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735950","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.735950","article-title":"Tinnitus Is Associated With Improved Cognitive Performance in Non-hispanic Elderly With Hearing Loss.","volume":"15","author":"Y Hamza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci. Switzerland"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5237","article-title":"The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive performance, quality of life, depression, and loneliness in older adults.","volume":"35","author":"D Harithasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. England;"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref040","first-page":"395","article-title":"Peripheral Hearing and Cognition: Evidence From the Staying Keen in Later Life (SKILL) Study.","volume":"36","author":"AL Harrison Bush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ear Hear. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref041","first-page":"997","article-title":"Cognitive, health, and sociodemographic predictors of longitudinal decline in hearing acuity among older adults","volume":"67","author":"KM Kiely","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4880","article-title":"Screening an elderly hearing impaired population for mild cognitive impairment using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).","volume":"33","author":"MYL Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1868","article-title":"Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults","volume":"173","author":"FR Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_AJA-19-00043","article-title":"Relationship Between Domain-Specific Cognitive Function and Speech-in-Noise Performance in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Hearing Pilot Study.","volume":"28","author":"SK Mamo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Audiol. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00068","article-title":"The Combined Burden of Hearing Loss and Cognitive Impairment in a Group Care Setting for Older Adults.","volume":"64","author":"SK Mamo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199889","article-title":"Dual sensory impairment: The association between glaucomatous vision loss and hearing impairment and function.","volume":"13","author":"LI Mudie","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref047","first-page":"147","article-title":"Hearing Sensitivity, Cardiovascular Risk, and Neurocognitive Function: The Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL).","author":"A Stickel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-10-27","article-title":"Hearing impairment and cognitive function among a community-dwelling population in Japan.","volume":"10","author":"N Sugawara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01990-0","article-title":"Gender-specific associations of speech-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss, and cognitive impairment among older community dwellers in China.","volume":"34","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res. Germany"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704871","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.704871","article-title":"Association of Hearing Acuity and Cognitive Function Among a Low-Income Elderly Population in Rural China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","volume":"15","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci. Switzerland"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref051","first-page":"189","article-title":"Mini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res. England"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref052","first-page":"384","volume":"12","author":"C Meneses","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prevalence of hearing loss and associated factors in elderly population in Londrina, Paran\u00e1: preliminary study."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref053","first-page":"736","volume":"30","author":"C Camargo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perception of elderly people about the restriction of participation related to hearing loss."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref054","first-page":"2362","article-title":"Can Hearing Aids Delay Time to Diagnosis of Dementia, Depression, or Falls in Older Adults? J Am Geriatr Soc","volume":"67","author":"E Mahmoudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref055","first-page":"e20200212","article-title":"Participation restriction of adults and elderly users of an audiology clinic: association with auditory and social-environmental factors.","volume":"33","author":"VC Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Codas. Brazil"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref056","first-page":"e1867","article-title":"Hearing screening and perceived participation restriction in the elderly.","volume":"23","author":"IL Xavier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Audiol Commun Res"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742014000400021","article-title":"Heterogeneidade e vi\u00e9s de publica\u00e7\u00e3o em revis\u00f5es sistem\u00e1ticas.","volume":"23","author":"T Galvao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiologia e servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref058","article-title":"Desigualdades em sa\u00fade e ra\u00e7a\/cor da pele: revis\u00e3o da literatura do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos (1996\u20132005).","author":"E Ara\u00fajo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade Coletiva."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref059","author":"M da S Brasil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Guia de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do quesito: ra\u00e7a\/cor \/etnia."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref060","first-page":"100","article-title":"The race\/color variable in studies of characterization of the users of Psychosocial Care Centers.","volume":"26","author":"NG Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade e Sociedade."},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref061","first-page":"535","article-title":"Institutional racism and black population health","volume":"25","author":"J. Werneck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade Soc"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref062","article-title":"COVID-19 morbimortality by race\/skin color\/ethnicity: the experience of Brazil and the United States.","author":"EM Araujo","year":"2020","journal-title":"SciELO Preprints"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref063","volume-title":"of H of Brazil. Methodological guidelines: preparation of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials\/ Ministry of Health, Secretariat of Science, Technology and Strategic Insumos, Department of Science and Technology","author":"M Brazil","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003153","article-title":"Impact of Hearing Rehabilitation Using Cochlear Implants on Cognitive Function in Older Patients.","volume":"42","author":"C Issing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.129","article-title":"Improvement of cognitive function after cochlear implantation in elderly patients","volume":"141","author":"I Mosnier","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. United States"},{"key":"pone.0288099.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00789","article-title":"The Effect of Cochlear Implants on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Initial Baseline and 18-Month Follow Up Results for a Prospective International Longitudinal Study.","volume":"13","author":"J Sarant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci. Switzerland"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T18:42:28Z","timestamp":1699555348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288099"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thiago P.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288099","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]}}}