{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T13:42:41Z","timestamp":1770903761021,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Epilepsy is a prevalent disease that requires personalized care to control seizures, reduce side effects, and ameliorate the burden of comorbidities. Smoking is a major cause of preventable death and disease. There is evidence that patients with epilepsy smoke at high rates and that smoking may increase seizure frequency. However, there is a lack systematically synthesized evidence on the interactions between epilepsy and seizures and smoking, tobacco use, vaping, and smoking cessation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This scoping review protocol guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews will investigate what is known about the interactions between smoking and epilepsy. This review will include the population of persons with all types of epilepsy or seizures and examine an inclusive list of concepts including tobacco use, vaping, nicotine replacement, and smoking cessation. The MEDLINE, Embase, APA Psycinfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases will be searched. Following systematic screening of records, data will be charted, synthesized, and summarized for presentation and publication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No ethical approval is required for this literature-based study. The results of this scoping review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This synthesis will be informative to clinicians and direct further research that may improve health outcomes for people with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (DOI: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/D3ZK8\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/D3ZK8<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T17:23:05Z","timestamp":1688750585000},"page":"e0288120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["How do smoking, vaping, and nicotine affect people with epilepsy and seizures? A scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-837X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jackson A.","family":"Narrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Funaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0288120.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.106949","article-title":"The global burden of epilepsy report: Implications for low- and middle-income countries","volume":"105","author":"G Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0288120.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00225-2","article-title":"Comorbidities of epilepsy: current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"15","author":"MR Keezer","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288120.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.243","article-title":"Management of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities in epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"AM Kanner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288120.ref004","first-page":"477","article-title":"Counseling and Management of the Risks of Living With Epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"K Noe","year":"2019","journal-title":"CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref005","unstructured":"United States Surgeon General. The Health Consequences of Smoking\u2013 50 Years of progress: A Report of the Surgeon General: (510072014\u2013001) [Internet]. American Psychological Association; 2014 [cited 2022 Sep 4]. http:\/\/doi.apa.org\/get-pe-doi.cfm?doi=10.1037\/e510072014-001"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref006","article-title":"Tobacco Product Use Among Adults\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"TW Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288120.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.04.003","article-title":"Exercise, diet, health behaviors, and risk factors among persons with epilepsy based on the California Health Interview Survey, 2005","volume":"13","author":"JO Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0288120.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.12.001","article-title":"Health status and behavioral risk factors among persons with epilepsy in Ohio based on the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","volume":"12","author":"JO Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"47","key":"pone.0288120.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6947a5","article-title":"Prevalence and Trends in Cigarette Smoking Among Adults with Epilepsy\u2014United States, 2010\u20132017","volume":"69","author":"S Sapkota","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.01.041","article-title":"The role of cigarette smoking in epilepsy severity and epilepsy-related quality of life","volume":"93","author":"AL Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288120.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825f0466","article-title":"Falls and fractures in patients chronically treated with antiepileptic drugs","volume":"79","author":"B S Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0288120.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3424","article-title":"Association of Enzyme-Inducing Antiseizure Drug Use With Long-term Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"78","author":"CB Josephson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02268.x","article-title":"A prospective study of smoking, caffeine, and alcohol as risk factors for seizures or epilepsy in young adult women: Data from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II","volume":"51","author":"BA Dworetzky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106698","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and epilepsy","volume":"189","author":"A Becchetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00022","article-title":"The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"A Becchetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158032","article-title":"Mutation Linked to Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Reduces Low-Sensitivity \u03b14\u03b22, and Increases \u03b15\u03b14\u03b22, Nicotinic Receptor Surface Expression","volume":"11","author":"WA Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0288120.ref017","first-page":"691","article-title":"Self-Poisoning Among Adults Using Multiple Transdermal Nicotine Patches","volume":"34","author":"A Woolf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref018","article-title":"Seizures and Vaping\u2014A Report of Two Cases","author":"PS Tatum","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.10.002","article-title":"Adverse Experience Reports of Seizures in Youth and Young Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Users","volume":"66","author":"LM Faulcon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1207081","article-title":"Pediatric death after unintentional exposure to liquid nicotine for an electronic cigarette","volume":"54","author":"W Eggleston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820974851","article-title":"Nicotine: A Targeted Therapy for Epilepsy Due to nAChR Gene Variants","volume":"36","author":"J Fox","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Neurol. SAGE Publications Inc"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.106944","article-title":"Remarkable effect of transdermal nicotine in children with CHRNA4-related autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy","volume":"105","author":"K Lossius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.11.022","article-title":"Tobacco smoking, epilepsy, and seizures","volume":"31","author":"L Rong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13228","article-title":"Impact of smoking behavior on clozapine blood levels\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"E Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541295","article-title":"Paracetamol as a test drug to determine glucuronide formation in man. Effects of inducers and of smoking","volume":"31","author":"KW Bock","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2008.05.009","article-title":"Smoking reduces serum levels of lamotrigine","volume":"17","author":"C Reinsberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288120.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2032393","article-title":"Tobacco Addiction","volume":"387","author":"P Selby","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref028","volume-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI","author":"MDJ Peters","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0288120.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.10.006","article-title":"Increased Seizure Frequency Temporally Related to Vaping: Where There\u2019s Vapor, There\u2019s Seizures?","volume":"104","author":"JD Wharton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement","volume":"75","author":"J McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0288120.ref032","unstructured":"Critical appraisal tools [Internet]. JBI. [cited 2022Sep26]. https:\/\/jbi.global\/critical-appraisal-tools"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T17:23:31Z","timestamp":1688750611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288120"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sathish","family":"Rajaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]}}}