{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:50:38Z","timestamp":1790297438715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1915481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1915481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1915481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1915481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a disproportionately higher burden of human papillomavirus infection (HPV)-related cancers. Causal factors include both behavioral and biological. While pharmaceutical and care support interventions help address biological risk of coinfection, as social conditions are common drivers of behaviors, structural interventions are key part of behavioral interventions. Our objective is to develop a joint HIV-HPV model to evaluate the contribution of each factor, to subsequently inform intervention analyses. While compartmental modeling is sufficient for faster spreading HPV, network modeling is suitable for slower spreading HIV. However, using network modeling for jointly modeling HIV and HPV can generate computational complexities given their vastly varying disease epidemiology and disease burden across sub-population groups. We applied a recently developed mixed agent-based compartmental (MAC) simulation technique, which simulates persons with at least one slower spreading disease and their immediate contacts as agents in a network, and all other persons including those with faster spreading diseases in a compartmental model, with an evolving contact network algorithm maintaining the dynamics between the two models. We simulated HIV and HPV in the U.S. among heterosexual female, heterosexual male, and men who have sex with men (men only and men and women) (MSM), sub-populations that mix but have varying HIV burden, and cervical cancer among women. We conducted numerical analyses to evaluate the contribution of behavioral and biological factors to risk of cervical cancer among women with HIV. The model outputs for HIV, HPV, and cervical cancer compared well with surveillance estimates. Model estimates for relative prevalence of HPV (1.67 times) and relative incidence of cervical cancer (3.6 times), among women with HIV compared to women without, were also similar to that reported in observational studies in the literature. The fraction attributed to biological factors ranged from 22\u201338% for increased HPV prevalence and 80% for increased cervical cancer incidence, the remaining attributed to behavioral. The attribution of both behavioral and biological factors to increased HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence suggest the need for behavioral, structural, and pharmaceutical interventions. Validity of model results related to both individual and joint disease metrics serves as proof-of-concept of the MAC simulation technique. Understanding the contribution of behavioral and biological factors of risk helps inform interventions. Future work can expand the model to simulate sexual and care behaviors as functions of social conditions to jointly evaluate behavioral, structural, and pharmaceutical interventions for HIV and cervical cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1699018088000},"page":"e0288141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Joint modeling HIV and HPV using a new hybrid agent-based network and compartmental simulation technique"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2711-2091","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinmeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8384-6041","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chaitra","family":"Gopalappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0288141.ref001","first-page":"2","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus (HPV), HPV-Related Disease, and the HPV Vaccine.","volume":"1","author":"KP Braaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4822-5","article-title":"Comorbidities associated with HPV infection among people living with HIV-1 in the southeastern US: a retrospective clinical cohort study.","volume":"20","author":"Y Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref003","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Cervical cancer: epidemiology, prevention and the role of human papillomavirus infection.","volume":"164","author":"EL Franco","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.4.244","article-title":"The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"55","author":"FX Bosch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.11.796","article-title":"Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer: a Worldwide Perspective","volume":"87","author":"FX Bosch","year":"1995","journal-title":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","article-title":"Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis.","volume":"8","author":"C de Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10020","article-title":"Cancers attributable to human papillomavirus infection.","volume":"7","author":"AE Grulich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.01.016","article-title":"Beyond Cervical Cancer: Burden of Other HPV-Related Cancers Among Men and Women.","volume":"46","author":"AK Chaturvedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4294","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.4596","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus and Rising Oropharyngeal Cancer Incidence in the United States.","volume":"29","author":"AK Chaturvedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6526a1","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus\u2013Associated Cancers\u2014United States, 2008\u20132012.","author":"LJ Viens","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref011","first-page":"431","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and HIV coinfection and the risk of neoplasias of the lower genital tract: a review of recent developments.","volume":"169","author":"A Ferenczy","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140476","article-title":"Anal cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia: epidemiology, screening and prevention of a sexually transmitted disease.","volume":"187","author":"RJ Medford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref013","first-page":"107","article-title":"Excess Cancers Among HIV-Infected People in the United States","author":"HA Robbins","year":"2015","journal-title":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.051","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among HIV-negative and HIV-positive women residing in rural Eastern Cape","volume":"95","author":"O Taku","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Africa. International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.2.127","article-title":"Prevalence of and Risks for Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Adolescent Girls.","volume":"154","author":"A-B Moscicki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref016","first-page":"7629","article-title":"Prevalence of HPV infection among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Central\/Eastern Italy: Strategies of prevention.","volume":"14","author":"E Tartaglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Lett."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30459-9","article-title":"Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV","volume":"9","author":"D Stelzle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002962","article-title":"Cervical cancer incidence stratified by age in women with HIV compared with the general population in the United States, 2002\u20132016","volume":"35","author":"EA Stier","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31828177d7","article-title":"Invasive cervical cancer risk among HIV-infected women: a North American multicohort collaboration prospective study","volume":"62","author":"D Abraham AG","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.4908","article-title":"Should Cervical Cancer Be an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome\u2013Defining Cancer?","volume":"24","author":"M Bower","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref021","first-page":"58","author":"MA Stanley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Host Responses to Infection with Human Papillomavirus"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1086\/323081","article-title":"Prevalence, Incidence, and Type\u2010Specific Persistence of Human Papillomavirus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\u2013Positive and HIV\u2010Negative Women.","volume":"184","author":"L Ahdieh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818d3df3","article-title":"Determinants of Newly Detected Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Injection Drug Using Women.","volume":"36","author":"DF Phelan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/796270","article-title":"Additive Hazard Regression Models: An Application to the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus.","volume":"2013","author":"X Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000186372.02925.4b","article-title":"Incidence of and Risk Factors for Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women Drug Users.","volume":"41","author":"D Dev","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010165","article-title":"Cervical Neoplasia and Repeated Positivity of Human Papillomavirus Infection In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-seropositive and -seronegative Women","volume":"151","author":"L Ahdieh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1086\/520883","article-title":"The Impact of HIV Status and Type on the Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Senegalese Women","volume":"196","author":"A Rowhani\u2010Rahbar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2678","article-title":"Determinants of incidence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus infections in rural Rakai, Uganda","volume":"17","author":"M Safaeian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835536a3","article-title":"Increased regression and decreased incidence of human papillomavirus-related cervical lesions among HIV-infected women on HAART","volume":"26","author":"DH Adler","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29913","article-title":"Immunodeficiency and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2\/3 and cervical cancer: A nested case-control study in the Swiss HIV cohort study","volume":"138","author":"GM Clifford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200108150-00003","article-title":"Evolution of cervical abnormalities among women with HIV-1: evidence from surveillance cytology in the women\u2019s interagency HIV study.","volume":"27","author":"LS Massad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199809000-00013","article-title":"Comparative prevalence, incidence and short-term prognosis of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions amongst HIV-positive and HIV-negative women","volume":"12","author":"C Six","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0700","article-title":"A Comparison of the Natural History of HPV Infection and Cervical Abnormalities among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women in Senegal, Africa","volume":"26","author":"HK Whitham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e3182403d18","article-title":"Progression and persistence of low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in women living with human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"16","author":"MD Zeier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02646-x","article-title":"Individual and Social Network Correlates of Sexual Health Communication Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness","volume":"24","author":"JB Craddock","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1699643","article-title":"Risk behaviour and access to HIV\/AIDS prevention services among formerly homeless young adults living in housing programmes","volume":"32","author":"BF Henwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227331","article-title":"Sexual risk classes among youth experiencing homelessness: Relation to childhood adversities, current mental symptoms, substance use, and HIV testing.","volume":"15","author":"D Santa Maria","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0270-1","article-title":"The Mental and Physical Health of Homeless Youth: A Literature Review.","volume":"43","author":"JP Edidin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0249","article-title":"Nearly Half Of US Adults Living With HIV Received Federal Disability Benefits In 2009.","volume":"34","author":"Y-LA Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref040","article-title":"Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics of Persons Living with Diagnosed HIV Infection\u2014Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2018 Cycle (June 2018-May 2019).","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIV Surveillance Special Report"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181fbcb38","article-title":"Structural interventions for HIV prevention in the United States.","volume":"552","author":"AA Adimora","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-005-9007-4","article-title":"Structural Interventions: Concepts, Challenges and Opportunities for Research","volume":"83","author":"KM Blankenship","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200006001-00003","article-title":"Structural interventions in public health","volume":"14","author":"KM Blankenship","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1965-5","article-title":"Structural Interventions in HIV Prevention: A Taxonomy and Descriptive Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"TA Sipe","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0231388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231388","article-title":"The past, present and future impact of HIV prevention and control on HPV and cervical disease in Tanzania: A modelling study.","volume":"15","author":"MT Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.023","article-title":"Model-estimated effectiveness of single dose 9-valent HPV vaccination for HIV-positive and HIV-negative females in South Africa","volume":"36","author":"N Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref047","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of HPV-based cervical cancer screening in the public health system in Nicaragua","author":"NG Campos","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001886","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001886","article-title":"The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study","volume":"5","author":"PN Perez-Guzman","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101306","article-title":"Impact of catch-up human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical cancer incidence in Kenya: A mathematical modeling evaluation of HPV vaccination strategies in the context of moderate HIV prevalence","volume":"45","author":"G Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref050","first-page":"84","article-title":"A new mixed agent-based network and compartmental simulation framework for joint modeling of related infectious diseases- application to sexually transmitted infections.","volume":"8","author":"C Gopalappa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Model"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-6-11","article-title":"Models of epidemics: when contact repetition and clustering should be included","volume":"6","author":"T Smieszek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref052","article-title":"Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2015\u20132019.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2021"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5365","article-title":"Estimating the Population Sizes of Men Who Have Sex With Men in US States and Counties Using Data From the American Community Survey.","volume":"2","author":"JA Grey","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X16668509","article-title":"Progression and Transmission of HIV\/AIDS (PATH 2.0): A New, Agent-ased Model to Estimate HIV Transmissions in the United States.","volume":"37","author":"C Gopalappa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medical Decision Making."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000809","article-title":"Using Molecular HIV Surveillance Data to Understand Transmission Between Subpopulations in the United States.","volume":"70","author":"AM Oster","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-021-09558-0","article-title":"Agent-based evolving network modeling: a new simulation method for modeling low prevalence infectious diseases.","volume":"24","author":"M Eden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2021109","article-title":"Progression and transmission of HIV (PATH 4.0)-A new agent-based evolving network simulation for modeling HIV transmission clusters.","volume":"18","author":"S Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/35082140","article-title":"The web of human sexual contacts","volume":"411","author":"F Liljeros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491412900408","article-title":"The status of the National HIV Surveillance System, United States, 2013.","volume":"129","author":"SM Cohen","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02038.x","article-title":"Background and Considerations on the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) from the Investigators.","volume":"7","author":"M Reece","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref061","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the united states: Data from the 2006\u20132008 national survey of family growth.","volume":"19","author":"A Chandra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sexual Statistics: Select Reports from the National Center for Health Statistics."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/869841","article-title":"CD4 Cell Counts at HIV Diagnosis among HIV Outpatient Study Participants, 2000\u20132009.","volume":"2012","author":"K Buchacz","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref063","article-title":"Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics of Persons Living with Diagnosed HIV Infection\u2014Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2016 Cycle (June 2016- May 2017).","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV Surveillance Special Report"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.20126","article-title":"Anal cancer and cervical cancer screening: Key differences","volume":"119","author":"TM Darragh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref065","author":"Brisson MJ-FLMDNV de V and M-CBoily","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technical appendix HPV-ADVISE CDC."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X18759482","article-title":"A Two-Step Markov Processes Approach for Parameterization of Cancer State-Transition Models for Low- and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"38","author":"C Gopalappa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Decision Making"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49614","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049614","article-title":"Inference of Type-Specific HPV Transmissibility, Progression and Clearance Rates: A Mathematical Modelling Approach.","volume":"7","author":"HC Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0775","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus Genotype-Specific Prevalence across the Continuum of Cervical Neoplasia and Cancer.","volume":"24","author":"NE Joste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz227","article-title":"Estimating the Natural History of Cervical Carcinogenesis Using Simulation Models: A CISNET Comparative Analysis. JNCI","volume":"112","author":"EA Burger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/57.5.1037","article-title":"Uterine Cervical Carcinoma in Connecticut, 1935\u20131973: Evidence for Two Classes of Invasive Disease2. JNCI","volume":"57","author":"PW Laskey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0420","article-title":"Inefficiencies and High-Value Improvements in U.S. Cervical Cancer Screening Practice","volume":"163","author":"JJ Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30006-2","article-title":"Projected time to elimination of cervical cancer in the USA: a comparative modelling study","volume":"5","author":"EA Burger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref073","author":"National Cancer Institute","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132013."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1086\/375783","article-title":"Longitudinal Study of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\u2013Seropositive and At\u2010Risk HIV\u2010Seronegative Women.","volume":"188","author":"P Schuman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001765","article-title":"HIV-positive women have higher risk of human papilloma virus infection, precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer","volume":"32","author":"G Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6633a2","article-title":"National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13\u201317 Years\u2014United States, 2016.","volume":"66","author":"TY Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6429a3","article-title":"National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13\u201317 Years\u2014United States, 2014.","volume":"64","author":"S Reagan-Steiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref078","first-page":"63","article-title":"Use of Selected Clinical Preventive Services to Improve the Health of Infants, Children, and Adolescents\u2014United States, 1999\u20132011.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref079","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020","journal-title":"HIV Surveillance Report, 2020"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.185652","article-title":"A framework for public health action: the health impact pyramid","volume":"100","author":"TR Frieden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001856","article-title":"Identifying Clusters of Recent and Rapid HIV Transmission Through Analysis of Molecular Surveillance Data.","volume":"79","author":"AM Oster","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy556","article-title":"Type-Specific Anal Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among Men, According to Sexual Preference and HIV Status: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"219","author":"E Marra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818003205","article-title":"Prevalence and genotypes of anal human papillomavirus infection among HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative men in Taizhou, China","volume":"147","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001727","article-title":"Development and Calibration of a Mathematical Model of Anal Carcinogenesis for High-Risk HIV-Infected Men.","volume":"79","author":"EA Burger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.04.024","article-title":"HIV acquisition and transmission among men who have sex with men and women: What we know and how to prevent it.","volume":"100","author":"DH McCree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med (Baltim)."},{"key":"pone.0288141.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001422","article-title":"HIV Among MSM and Heterosexual Women in the United States: An Ecologic Analysis.","volume":"75","author":"HF Raymond","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T13:28:59Z","timestamp":1699018139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288141"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Olatunji Matthew","family":"Kolawole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288141","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.12.25.22283941","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]}}}