{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:19:31Z","timestamp":1789067971974,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The evidence in the literature regarding the relationship between <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>TV<\/jats:italic>) infection and cervical neoplasia is conflicting. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the risk of cervical neoplasia associated with <jats:italic>TV<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A meta-analysis of observational studies, which provided raw data on the association of <jats:italic>TV<\/jats:italic> infection with cervical neoplasia, was performed. For this aim, we searched scientific databases (PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, the Web of Sciences, and Embase) from inception to March 15, 2023. A random-effects model was applied by Stata 17.0 to calculate the pooled and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), including subgroup, sensitivity, and cumulative analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 2584 records initially identified, 35 eligible studies contributed data for 67,856 women with cervical neoplasia, and 933,697 healthy controls from 14 countries were included. The pooled (2.15; 1.61\u20132.87; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 87.7%) and adjusted (2.17; 1.82\u20132.60; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 31.27%) ORs indicated a significant positive association between <jats:italic>TV<\/jats:italic> infection and the development of cervical neoplasia. There was no significant change in pooled and adjusted ORs by applying sensitivity and cumulative analyses, indicating the robustness of our findings. The pooled OR was significant in most sub-group analyses. There was no publication bias in the included studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings indicated that women with a <jats:italic>TV<\/jats:italic> infection are at significantly greater risk of cervical neoplasia. Future research, particularly longitudinal and experimental studies, should be done to better understand the various aspects of this association.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T18:08:26Z","timestamp":1689185306000},"page":"e0288443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of cervical neoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andarz","family":"Fazlollahpour-Naghibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Almukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7413-1810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyed Reza","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh Shariat","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia Behzad","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad Jafari","family":"Tadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-3233","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Safoura","family":"Rouholamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sepidarkish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-1321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0288443.ref001","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates 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