{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:00:30Z","timestamp":1792681230667,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Much is not known about education programmes for Nigerian incarcerated individuals. Consequently, different correctional institutions worldwide have different forms of correctional education offered to incarcerated individuals. Nigerian incarcerated individuals perceive that there are implementations of education programmes offered to them. However, little or nothing is known about how incarcerated individuals perceive these education programmes. To this end, this study ascertains the incarcerated individuals\u2019 perception of education programmes as well as the expectations of social work profession in ensuring that incarcerated individuals in correctional institutions are provided with quality education. In-depth interviews involving 20 convicted incarcerated individuals from Owerri correctional centre were conducted. Thematic analysis was used in analyzing data generated for the study. Findings show that education programmes are available and essential, but the quality of the programme does not go down well with the incarcerated individuals. It also revealed that incarcerated individuals were not allowed to decide on the type of education programme to be involved in. To this end, their participation in the programme is jeopardized. The findings further revealed that little or nothing is known about social workers in prison education. Therefore, the inclusion of correctional social workers as an integral part of education programmes that aim to reform, rehabilitate and reintegrate incarcerated individuals becomes necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T17:44:39Z","timestamp":1689875079000},"page":"e0288693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Incarcerated individuals and education programmes in Nigeria: A task for social workers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ijeoma B.","family":"Uche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okala A.","family":"Uche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzoma O.","family":"Okoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3728-4647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Blessing Onyinye","family":"Ukoha-Kalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0288693.ref001","article-title":"Community success initiative","author":"National Reentry Resource Centre [NRRC]","year":"2014","journal-title":"Helping individuals and community move from where they are to where they want to be"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288693.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.20448\/journal.522.2017.32.86.91","article-title":"Utilization of educational programmes in reformation of prison inmates in Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"L. C. Ogbaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Education and Training"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref003","author":"Council of Europe Development Bank (CEDB)","year":"2019","journal-title":"Draft resolution"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288693.ref004","first-page":"2.164","article-title":"Effectiveness of Rehabilitation programmes in Nigerian prisons: A study of perception of inmates in Enugu prison","volume":"6","author":"I. B. Uche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prison rehabilitation programs: Efficiency and targeting","volume":"14022","author":"W. Arbour","year":"2021","journal-title":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics No"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref006","author":"J. Matejkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Social Work"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref007","author":"M. Tacardon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Social work education in corrections- Teaching what we practicepracticing what we teach"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288693.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-012-9166-x","article-title":"Post-release employment and recidivism in Norway","volume":"28","author":"T. Skardhamar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref009","volume-title":"Bureau of Justice Assistance","author":"D. Brazzell","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-2909-5.ch006","volume-title":"Strategic learning ideologies in prison education programs","author":"A. Hesselink","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref011","author":"L. M. Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Correctional education in the United States: How effective is it, and how can we move the field forward?"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288693.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/106342660100900405","article-title":"Academic characteristics of incarcerated youth and correctional educational programs: A literature review","volume":"9","author":"R. M. Foley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2006.00383.x","article-title":"Aftercare following a correctional bootcamp may reduce recidivism.","volume":"5","author":"D. L. Mackenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref014","article-title":"Education reduces crime: Three-state recidivism study executive summary","author":"S. J. 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Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288693.ref018","first-page":"12","article-title":"Breaking the Zimbabwe prison bars: ODL the bolt cutter","volume":"1","author":"G. Chigunwe","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Open and Distance Learning Journal"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prisoners\u2019 perceptions about post-release employment in Romania: Studying the role of human capital and labelling factors in explaining optimism and pessimism","volume":"63","author":"C. Danboeanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0288693.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12086","article-title":"Opening doors or closing them? The impact of incarceration on the education and employability of Ex-offenders in Ireland","volume":"53","author":"M. F. O\u2019Reilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0288693.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885518764921","article-title":"Showing up: The gendered effects of social engagement on educational participation in U.S. correctional facilities","volume":"98","author":"G. E. Tietjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Prison Journal"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4079\/pp.v25i0.18353","article-title":"Reducing recidivism through correctional education: The roles of neoclassical and behavioral economics","volume":"25","author":"L. Erickson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Policy Perspectives"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref023","article-title":"Challenges faced by incarcerated learners when progressing from Adult Education and Training level 4 to Grade 10.","volume-title":"An M.Ed thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria","author":"M. S. Khoabane","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288693.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2013.0094","article-title":"Overcoming the walls that constrain us: The role of entrepreneurship education programs in prison","volume":"13","author":"H. Patzelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Academy of Management Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0288693.ref025","first-page":"47","article-title":"A survey of correctional education in Luzira Prison Uganda: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"5","author":"I. 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Gobena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Social Work"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref047","volume-title":"Research methods in education (7th edition).","author":"L. Cohen","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref048","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"J. W. Cresswell","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0288693.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794116679873","article-title":"Using conceptual depth criteria: Addressing the challenge of reaching saturation in qualitative research","volume":"17","author":"J. Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quality Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288693.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2012.07.002","article-title":"Sample size: How many is enough?","volume":"25","author":"E. Burmeister","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Critical Care"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref051","article-title":"What is jail social worker?","author":"A. Miller","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0288693.ref052","first-page":"30","article-title":"Educational attainment and peer group influence as predictors of recidivism","volume":"5","author":"D. J. Tenibiaje","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288693.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12296","article-title":"Effectiveness of prison-based education programming and the implications for correctional policy and practice","volume":"16","author":"G. Duwe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0288693.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885514548009","article-title":"The effects of prison based educational programming on recidivism and employment.","volume":"94","author":"G. Duwe","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Prison Journal"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0288693.ref055","first-page":"91","article-title":"The historical practice of correctional education in the United States: A review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"J. E. Messemer","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedro.2021.100090","article-title":"Does correctional education matter? Perspectives of prisoners at a male adult maximum-security prison in Zambia","volume":"2","author":"P. Kakupa","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research Open"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.18546\/LRE.12.2.03","article-title":"Prison education across Europe: Policy, practice, politics","volume":"12","author":"A. Costelloe","year":"2014","journal-title":"London Review of Education"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0288693.ref058","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenges and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending the child welfare clinic at a regional hospital in Ghana: A descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"A. K. Diji","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Breastfeeding Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0288693.ref059","first-page":"98","article-title":"Social worker specialization: A panacea to Nigerian prisons rehabilitation service.","volume":"8","author":"K. A. Aliyu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IRA- International Journal of Management and Social Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref060","author":"International Federation of Social workers (IFSW)","year":"2014","journal-title":"General meeting and the IASSW General Assembly"},{"key":"pone.0288693.ref061","author":"Rutgers Online","year":"2018","journal-title":"What is the correctional social work?"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T17:45:37Z","timestamp":1689875137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288693"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adetayo","family":"Olorunlana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288693","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]}}}