{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:19:57Z","timestamp":1747196397716,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDC","award":["COVID-19 emergency"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 emergency"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The use of face masks is one of the preventive measures that Mozambique adopted in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. A study carried out from May 25 to June 6, 2020 found that although many wore masks, incorrect use was observed in 27.5% of the population observed. This data collection aimed to measure the degree of mask use compliance during a more protracted, higher second wave of transmission.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the City of Maputo from 19 to 28 October 2020 through direct observation of mask use of all individuals present in markets, supermarkets and bus terminals. The data were collected using mobile phones with the Open Data Kit Collect (ODK) data collection program. Sociodemographic characteristics, mask use, and type of mask used were documented. Factors associated with incorrect mask use were evaluated considering sex, age, observation period and location.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 49,404 individuals were observed, of whom 24,977(50.6%) were male, 46,484 (94.1%) were adults and 17,549 (35.5%) were observed in the markets. An observed 41,786 (84.6%) wore a mask, of whom 33,851 (81.0%) used it correctly. Not covering the mouth and nose was common; observed in 4,649 (58.5%) of those using incorrectly. Of different types of masks, fabric masks were most often used incorrectly 7,225 (21.4%). The factors associated with incorrect mask use were female gender (OR = 1.2 [1.1\u20131.3], p &lt;0.001), observation in peri-urban versus urban areas (OR = 1.9 [1.8\u20132.1], p &lt;0.001) and observation during the afternoon (OR = 1.5 [1.5\u20131.6], p &lt;0. 001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A high proportion of observed individuals wore a mask in the context of prevention of COVID-19, however some non-use and incorrect use persists. Intensified public awareness of the correct use of the mask is recommended, especially in peri-urban areas and at the end of the day.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T17:40:41Z","timestamp":1690998041000},"page":"e0288957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mask use in public places in Maputo City, Mozambique: Cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6607-9554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dion\u00edsia","family":"Balate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerson","family":"Afai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Sall\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim\u00f3teo","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Sem\u00e1","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Zulliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rika Valeska","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0288957.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plano Nacional de Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o e Resposta a Pandemia do COVID-19.","author":"Mo\u00e7ambique.Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2020","journal-title":"COVID-19: Planos de Contig\u00eancia [Internet]."},{"article-title":"Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it.","year":"2020","author":"World Health Organization","key":"pone.0288957.ref002"},{"key":"pone.0288957.ref003","first-page":"202","author":"Mo\u00e7ambique.Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Boletim Di\u00e1rio No 651 Coronav\u00edrus (COVID-19)."},{"key":"pone.0288957.ref004","first-page":"2","author":"Mo\u00e7ambique. 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Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manual de preven\u00e7\u00e3o da COVID 19 [Internet]."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0288957.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00818","article-title":"Community use of face masks and COVID-19: Evidence from a natural experiment of state mandates in the US.","volume":"39","author":"W Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff [Internet]."},{"issue":"7 July","key":"pone.0288957.ref010","first-page":"1","article-title":"The introduction of a mandatory mask policy was associated with significantly reduced COVID-19 cases in a major metropolitan city.","volume":"16","author":"N Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0288957.ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19: estudo piloto sobre o comportamento de uso de m\u00e1scara na cidade de Maputo.","volume":"35","author":"IB Benzana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Bras em Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Sa\u00fade [Internet]."},{"journal-title":"Boletim da Rep\u00fablica No 124 [Internet].","year":"2020","author":"Governo de Mo\u00e7ambique","key":"pone.0288957.ref012"},{"key":"pone.0288957.ref013","first-page":"108","author":"KW M","year":"2021","journal-title":"A PANDEMIA N\u00c3O PODE NOS PARAR: CONFEC\u00c7\u00c3O DE M\u00c1SCARAS POR ALUNOS EXTENSIONISTAS: UM RELATO DE EXPERI\u00caNCIA THE PANDEMIC CANNOT STOP US: MASK MAKING BY EXTENSION STUDENTS: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT LA PANDEMIA NO PUEDE DETENERNOS: HACER M\u00c1SCARAS POR ESTUDIAN."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0288957.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Face masks: Benefits and risks during the COVID-19 crisis","volume":"25","author":"C Matuschek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res [Internet]."},{"journal-title":"Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Mozambique: Two Consecutive Online Surveys.","year":"2021","author":"J Dula","key":"pone.0288957.ref015"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0288957.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186484","article-title":"Incorrect use of face masks during the current COVID-19 pandemic among the general public in Japan.","volume":"17","author":"M Machida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0288957.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.02.017","article-title":"Physiologic and other effects and compliance with long-term respirator use among medical intensive care unit nurses.","volume":"41","author":"T Rebmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0288957.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cloth face masks to prevent covid-19 and other respiratory infections.","volume":"28","author":"S Lima MM de","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem [Internet]."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0288957.ref019","first-page":"569","article-title":"Physiological Effects of N95 FFP and PPE in Healthcare Workers in COVID Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study.","volume":"55","author":"RJ Roberge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Care [Internet]."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0288957.ref020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optical microscopic study of surface morphology and filtering efficiency of face masks.","volume":"2019","author":"BB Neupane","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0288957.ref021","first-page":"2","article-title":"First Line of Defense in COVID-19: Masks in Clinical Practice.","author":"T Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Public Heal."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0288957.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006577","article-title":"A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers","volume":"5","author":"CR MacIntyre","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288957","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T17:41:08Z","timestamp":1690998068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288957"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Delfina Fernandes","family":"Hlashwayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0288957","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]}}}