{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:01:21Z","timestamp":1792562481196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research conducted in the last four decades on rape and other forms of sexual violence shows that they are not only the result of transgression behaviors of some people but have been used as strategic, systemic, and calculated tools of war, ethnic cleansing, and genocide. Examining the nature and effect of wartime rape and sexual violence based on their distinctive features, context, and historical background is essential for research and service providers. This paper explores the lived experiences of sexual violence and gang rape victims during the North Ethiopian war in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from three girls and women survivors using a trauma and socio-culturally informed phenomenological approach. The finding shows that participants experienced a broad and complex range of psychological, physiological, emotional, and relational suffering after the rape. The result also shed light on some risk factors such as lack of awareness of the effect of traumatic events, stigma related to rape, and lacks victim protective legislation risk their journey to healing. The paper further discussed individual and community mental health responses for victims of war rape in culturally responsive and resource-poor settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T17:25:27Z","timestamp":1690565127000},"page":"e0289106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In between the lines of the narrative map: Phenomenological analysis of war rape victims in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9688-6699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yemataw","family":"Wondie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waganesh A.","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mekides","family":"Melesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289106.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-polisci-041719-102620","article-title":"Conflict-Related Sexual Violence","volume":"24","author":"R Nord\u00e5s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Review of Political Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289106.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-7-16","article-title":"Sexual and gender-based violence in areas of armed conflict: a ystematic review of mental health and psychosocial support interventions","volume":"7","author":"WA Tol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conflict and Healing"},{"key":"pone.0289106.ref003","unstructured":"Ward J, and Marsh M. Sexual violence against women and girls in war and its aftermath: realities, responses, and required resources. 2006."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289106.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.4.513","article-title":"Prevalence of war-related sexual violence and other human rights abuses among internally displaced persons in Sierra Leone","volume":"287","author":"LL Amowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0289106.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55362","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1086","article-title":"Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo territories","volume":"304","author":"K Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0289106.ref006","unstructured":"Peltola L. Rape and Sexual Violence Used as a Weapon of War and Genocide. 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