{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:46:05Z","timestamp":1780058765054,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00DA044277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00DA044277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Considering the dangers of adolescent tobacco use, the successful design of behavioral programs is crucial for tobacco prevention. According to preliminary research, social game interventions can improve adolescent tobacco outcomes. The current qualitative study aims to (1) uncover the gaming elements that adolescents deem important for a positive learning experience, and (2) confirm these gaming elements with adolescents who are presented with a tobacco prevention game concept that applies these elements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings from this study are drawn from two phases. Phase 1 involved in-person focus group discussions (n = 15) and Phase 2 included three online focus groups and a paired interview with another set of adolescents (n = 15). The study was conducted under a project that aimed to design and test a social game-based tobacco prevention program for adolescents (Storm-Heroes). With open coding and thematic analysis, two research team members identified repeated topics and relevant quotes to organize them into themes. The themes evolved as new content was identified during the process. This process was repeated until thematic saturation was reached.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thematic analysis across Phase 1 and Phase 2 revealed four major themes: 1) Balance during gaming challenges, 2) Healthy social interaction, 3) Performance and creative freedom, and 4) Fictional world and game mechanics for tobacco prevention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study identified specific intervention features that best fit the needs of adolescents in the context of a social game for tobacco prevention. For future research, we will use a participatory approach to allow adolescents to take part in the design process, improve Storm-Heroes, and develop health promotional messages that can be incorporated into the program. Ultimately, a board game for tobacco prevention is expected to bring adolescents together to create lasting memories that nudge them away from tobacco use and the harm it can cause.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T17:32:14Z","timestamp":1690565534000},"page":"e0289319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identifying adolescents\u2019 gaming preferences for a tobacco prevention social game: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-2365","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georges Elias","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-1801","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeanie","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bairu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-2418","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramzi G.","family":"Salloum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0289319.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7105a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use and associated factors among middle and high school students\u2014national youth tobacco survey, United States, 2021","volume":"71","author":"AS Gentzke","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0289319.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12583","article-title":"Testing the nicotine dependence measure mFTQ for adolescent smokers: A multinational investigation","volume":"26","author":"AV Prokhorov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0289319.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5846","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105846","article-title":"Nicotine Dependence from Different E-Cigarette Devices and Combustible Cigarettes among US Adolescent and Young Adult Users","volume":"19","author":"C Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289319.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2022.06.011","article-title":"E-cigarette or vaping product use\u2013associated lung injury: A review of clinico-radio-pathological characteristics","volume":"60","author":"I Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.12.004","article-title":"Interventions for prevention and treatment of tobacco smoking in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"85","author":"L Peirson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289319.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006976","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006976","article-title":"Effectiveness of school-based smoking prevention curricula: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"RE Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289319.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2012.0017","article-title":"When losing means winning: the impact of conflict in a digital game on young adults\u2019 intentions to get protected from cancer","volume":"1","author":"GE Khalil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-02897-8_3","volume-title":"Games for health","author":"GE Khalil","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref009","first-page":"10","article-title":"Change through experience: How experiential play and emotional engagement drive helath game success","author":"GE Khalil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handbook of research on holistic perspectives in gamification for clinical practice"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref010","first-page":"8","article-title":"The River Basin Game: A role-playing board game for initiating discussions on visions and strategies of water allocation.","author":"B Lankford","year":"2004","journal-title":"In: Water resource management for local development workshop: Aventura, Loskopdam. South Africa"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Crash: Find the Exit-A neuroscience board game as a tool to discuss mechanisms of drug abuse and addiction issues in the classroom","volume":"28","author":"L Da Silva Chagas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558499141003","article-title":"Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band what kind of extracurricular involvement matters?","volume":"14","author":"JS Eccles","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Adolesc Res"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref013","volume-title":"Friends in school: Patterns of selection and influence in secondary schools","author":"JL Epstein","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.04.030","article-title":"The role of social identity and online social capital on psychosocial outcomes in MMO players.","volume":"74","author":"LK Kaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289319.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412015615770","article-title":"Gamers who protest: small-group play and social resources for civic action.","volume":"13","author":"B Stokes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Games Cult"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1145\/3116595.3116639","article-title":"Cooperation and interdependence: How multiplayer games increase social closeness","author":"AE Depping","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play 2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289319.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/2379298120933626","article-title":"Can Your Students Save the World? Utilizing Pandemic\u00ae, a Cooperative Board Game, to Teach Management.","volume":"5","author":"C van Esch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag Teach Rev"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref018","volume-title":"Gameplay: therapeutic use of games with children and adolescents","author":"J Stone","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref019","volume-title":"The effects of gameplay on social communicative skills in individuals with disabilities","author":"C. Wilcox-Avalos","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289319.ref020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of a board-game approach on current smokers: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"8","author":"Y Khazaal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2017.0186","article-title":"Increasing anti-tobacco industry attitudes among youth: a pilot study of a multiplayer educational board game","volume":"8","author":"M Gilliam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2019.0125","article-title":"\"GiochiAMO,\" a Gaming Intervention to Prevent Smoking and Alcohol Habits Among Children: A Single-Arm Field Trial.","volume":"9","author":"RA Cocchiara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Games Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/08923640902857713","article-title":"Social learning theory and web-based learning environments: a review of research and discussion of implications","volume":"23","author":"JR Hill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Distance Educ"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref024","volume-title":"Innovating for people: Handbook of human-centered design methods","author":"Luma Institute","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839919850557","article-title":"Enhancing community-based participatory research through human-centered design strategies","volume":"21","author":"E Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Promot Pract"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref026","unstructured":"UNICEF. Designing digital interventions for lasting impact. A human-centered guide to digital health deployments. 2018. Accessed on May 19, 2023 at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/innovation\/sites\/unicef.org.innovation\/files\/2018-11\/unicef_digitalhealthinterventions_final2018.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289319.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29945","DOI":"10.2196\/29945","article-title":"Developing graphic messages for vaping prevention among black and latino adolescents: Participatory research approach.","volume":"13","author":"F Cartujano-Barrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Participat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0289319.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.013","article-title":"Cluster randomized trial of teens against tobacco use: youth empowerment for tobacco control in El Paso, Texas.","volume":"57","author":"LD Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289319.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-005-5390-6","article-title":"Community and school drug prevention strategy prevalence: differential effects by setting and substance.","volume":"26","author":"CJ VanderWaal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Prim Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.2701.2020.1","article-title":"A community-based evaluation of a culturally grounded, american indian after-school prevention program: the value of practitioner-researcher collaboration","volume":"27","author":"B de Heer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289319.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-011-0269-7","article-title":"Preventing alcohol use with a voluntary after-school program for middle school students: Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial of CHOICE","volume":"13","author":"EJ D\u2019Amico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0289319.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0454-x","article-title":"Participation in organized activities protects against adolescents\u2019 risky substance use, even beyond development in conscientiousness","volume":"45","author":"KO McCabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0289319.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22587","article-title":"Promoting healthy trajectories for urban middle school youth through county\u2010funded, parks\u2010based after\u2010school programming.","volume":"49","author":"AC Goodman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref034","first-page":"1","article-title":"Invite Only VR: A vaping prevention game\u2014an evidence-based vr game for health and behavior change.","author":"VU Weser","year":"2020","journal-title":"In: Special interest group on computer graphics and interactive techniques conference talks"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref035","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Interactive mobile communication, technologies and learning","author":"Springer","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000343144","volume-title":"Translational medicine-what, why and how: an international perspective.","author":"LB Cottler","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-018-0729-2","article-title":"Black\u2013White differences in willingness to participate and perceptions about health research: Results from the population-based HealthStreet study.","volume":"21","author":"FJ Webb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref038","unstructured":"Kershner K. How \u201cCranium\u201d Works. 2021 Feb 17 [Cited 2023 January 3]. Available from: https:\/\/entertainment.howstuffworks.com\/leisure\/brain-games\/\u201dCranium\u201d2.htm."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289319.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/0098628320979877","article-title":"Sculptorades, Cloodles, and Cameos, oh my! A \u201cCranium\u201d game for general psychology.","volume":"48","author":"KL Goldey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Teach Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref040","article-title":"Rethink (Chapter 10): Rethinking at \u201cCranium\u201d.","author":"R Merrifield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pearson Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289319.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163353","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3353","article-title":"Receptivity to tobacco advertising and susceptibility to tobacco products","volume":"139","author":"DB Portnoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0289319.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.5.355","article-title":"Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States.","volume":"15","author":"JP Pierce","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref043","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"J. W. Creswell","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289319.ref044","first-page":"226","article-title":"Qualitative research: data collection, analysis, and management","volume":"68","author":"J. Sutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690500400202","article-title":"Pursuing both breadth and depth in qualitative research: Illustrated by a study of the experience of intimate caring for a loved one with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"4","author":"L Todres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2015.0048","article-title":"Making games for health engaging: The influence of cognitive skills.","volume":"5","author":"CP Kreutzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref047","author":"M. Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1990"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.06.039","article-title":"Measuring the f low experience of gamers: An evaluation of the DSF-2.","volume":"28","author":"K Procci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289319.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2013.768727","article-title":"A meta-analysis of web-delivered tailored health behavior change interventions.","volume":"18","author":"MLA Lustria","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3658","article-title":"Utilization of a Web-based vs integrated phone\/Web cessation program among 140,000 tobacco users: an evaluation across 10 free state quitlines","volume":"17","author":"CM Nash","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref051","author":"Bunchball, Inc","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSEM.2012.29","article-title":"Application of online gamification to new hire onboarding.","author":"K. Depura","year":"2012","journal-title":"2012 Third International Conference on Services in Emerging Markets"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref053","first-page":"8","article-title":"How gamification will change business intelligence","volume":"16","author":"M. Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bus Intelligent Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0469-y","article-title":"Designing motivation using persuasive ambient mirrors.","volume":"17","author":"T. Nakajima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquitous Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2008.11.002","article-title":"Collective motivation beliefs of early adolescents working in small groups.","volume":"47","author":"RM Klassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sch Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acdb.2017.10.003","article-title":"Social influence on positive youth development: A developmental neuroscience perspective","volume":"54","author":"EH Telzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Child Dev Behav"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref057","first-page":"1215","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning","author":"Springer","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289319.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.8894","article-title":"A web-based psychoeducational intervention for adolescent depression: design and development of MoodHwb","volume":"5","author":"RB Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7174","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7174","article-title":"From the experience of interactivity and entertainment to lower intention to smoke: A randomized controlled trial and path analysis of a web-based smoking prevention program for adolescents","volume":"19","author":"GE Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0289319.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0223836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223836","article-title":"Revealing users\u2019 experience and social interaction outcomes following a web-based smoking prevention intervention for adolescents: A qualitative study.","volume":"14","author":"GE Khalil","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref061","first-page":"320","volume-title":"Handbook of research on serious games for educational applications.","author":"B DaCosta","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0289319.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/089124100129023864","article-title":"territoriality in games played by nine-to twelve-year-old schoolchildren","volume":"29","author":"Kelle H. Gender","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Contemp Ethnogr"},{"key":"pone.0289319.ref063","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Serious games","author":"H Wang","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289319.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(99)00068-3","article-title":"The reason and rhyme of qualitative research: why, when, and how to use qualitative methods in the study of adolescent health.","volume":"25","author":"M Rich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289319.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-0016-6","article-title":"Sample size policy for qualitative studies using in-depth interviews.","volume":"41","author":"SL Dworkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T17:33:18Z","timestamp":1690565598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289319"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Corinne","family":"Jola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289319","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]}}}