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This study identified the bacterial microbiota in field-collected female adults of the <jats:italic>Anopheles hyrcanus<\/jats:italic> group and three <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>Anopheles nivipes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles philippinensis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Anopheles vagus<\/jats:italic>, from an endemic area in the southeastern part of Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand, near the Lao PDR-Cambodia-Thailand border. A total of 17 DNA libraries were generated from pooled female <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> abdomen samples (10 abdomens\/ sample). The mosquito microbiota was characterized through the analysis of DNA sequences from the V3\u2212V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and data were analyzed in QIIME2. A total of 3,442 bacterial ASVs were obtained, revealing differences in the microbiota both within the same species\/group and between different species\/group. Statistical difference in alpha diversity was observed between <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hyrcanus<\/jats:italic> group and <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vagus<\/jats:italic> and between <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>nivipes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vagus<\/jats:italic>, and beta diversity analyses showed that the bacterial community of <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vagus<\/jats:italic> was the most dissimilar from other species. The most abundant bacteria belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum (48%-75%) in which <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pantoea<\/jats:italic> were predominant genera among four <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species\/group. However, the most significantly abundant genus observed in each <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species\/group was as follows: <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> in the <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hyrcanus<\/jats:italic> group, <jats:italic>Pantoea<\/jats:italic> in the <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>nivipes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rosenbergiella<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>philippinensis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vagus<\/jats:italic>. Particularly, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> sp. was highly abundant in all <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species except <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>nivipes<\/jats:italic>. The present study provides the first study on the microbiota of four potential malaria vectors as a starting step towards understanding the role of the microbiota on mosquito biology and ultimately the development of potential tools for malaria control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T17:37:28Z","timestamp":1692293848000},"page":"e0289733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bacterial community structure of Anopheles hyrcanus group, Anopheles nivipes, Anopheles philippinensis, and Anopheles vagus from a malaria-endemic area in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Patcharaporn","family":"Boonroumkaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rutchanee","family":"Rodpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atiporn","family":"Saeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5716-4725","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kittipat","family":"Aupalee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jassada","family":"Saingamsook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petchaboon","family":"Poolphol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakkhana","family":"Sadaow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oranuch","family":"Sanpool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penchom","family":"Janwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongjit","family":"Thanchomnang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pewpan M.","family":"Intapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6726-3759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wanchai","family":"Maleewong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0289733.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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