{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:47:36Z","timestamp":1787885256015,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Considering the high prevalence of dental caries in adults, it is necessary to study its risk factors to prevent the disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic disease with an increasing incidence that may affect the quality and quantity of saliva.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to determine the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with dental caries according to the DMFT index in the Azar cohort population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This cross-sectional study was performed on data obtained from the enrollment phase of the Azar Cohort Study (ACS), conducted on 15,000 adults aged 35 to 70. Data of 905 subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease in the ACS\u2014without full denture\u2014together with a control group of 1894 subjects, who were matched in terms of gender and age, were included in this study. Dental caries data and data on GERD, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, individual and nutritional habits, BMI, and toothbrushing frequency were elicited from the databank of the ACS center. A Generalized Linear Models assuming negative binomial distribution with a log-link function was used for analytical statistics to examine the effect of possible confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The DMFT index in the group with GERD was 15.09\u00b16.18, and for the control group was 15.00\u00b16.07. No statistical association was seen between GERD and dental caries. Among the variables included in the regression analysis, being younger and toothbrushing one or more times per day were associated with a lower DMFT index score.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>According to the results, having GERD did not increase the risk of dental caries. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, the results should be interpreted cautiously. The results showed that oral hygiene is one of the most influential factors in reducing dental caries prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T17:35:40Z","timestamp":1691688940000},"page":"e0289802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental caries among adults in the Azar cohort population: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3868-0331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zeinab","family":"Mahboobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ataollah","family":"Jalili asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Sharififard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Faramarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Ghavamlaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289802.ref001","first-page":"711","article-title":"Strategies and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion","volume":"83","author":"RG Watt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289802.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908533","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study","volume":"99","author":"E Bernabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289802.ref003","first-page":"661","article-title":"The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health","volume":"83","author":"PE Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289802.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000102150","article-title":"Oral health among 35- to 44-year-old Iranians.","volume":"16","author":"H Hessari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"10194","key":"pone.0289802.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: a global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"MA Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0289802.ref006","volume-title":"Dental caries: the disease and its clinical management","author":"O Fejerskov","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0289802.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0237581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237581","article-title":"Laryngopharyngeal reflux, gastroesophageal reflux and dental disorders: A systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289802.ref008","first-page":"214","article-title":"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).","volume":"115","author":"DM Clarrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mo Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0289802.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x","article-title":"The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus","volume":"101","author":"N Vakil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289802.ref010","first-page":"21","article-title":"Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet.","volume":"72","author":"A. 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