{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:41:37Z","timestamp":1770284497304,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oclacitinib (Apoquel) on development of surgical site infections in canines following clean orthopedic stifle surgery. Medical records of dogs undergoing unilateral, clean orthopedic stifle procedures were retrospectively examined for development of post-operative surgical site infections. Data collected for statistical analysis included age, sex, body weight, current medications, anesthesia and surgery times, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count. Surgical site infections were identified in 8.7% (34\/390) of stifle procedures\u2013 8.0% (29\/364) in dogs not treated with oclacitinib and 19.2% (5\/26) in dogs treated with oclacitinib (p = 0.053). There was a significant difference in development of surgical site infection in dogs with longer anesthesia times (p = 0.003) and higher body weights (p = 0.037). Dogs being treated with oclacitinib at the time of clean, orthopedic stifle surgery did not have a significantly higher incidence of surgical site infections. However, client education regarding risk of infection and increased patient monitoring post-operatively are recommended, especially in patients with increased body weight or longer anesthetic times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T17:32:29Z","timestamp":1691602349000},"page":"e0289827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A retrospective evaluation of the effect of oclacitinib (Apoquel) administration on development of surgical site infection following clean orthopedic stifle surgery"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5355-7045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alyssa K.","family":"Motz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay L.","family":"St. Germaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jed","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0289827.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12269.x","article-title":"Perioperative administration of antimicrobials during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.","volume":"43","author":"A Nazarali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289827.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-11-12-0177","article-title":"Outcome following removal of TPLO implants with surgical site infection.","volume":"26","author":"R Savicky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289827.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.3.355","article-title":"Effect of using triclosan-impregnated suture for incisional closure on surgical site infection and inflammation following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"242","author":"SW Etter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289827.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.00971.x","article-title":"Implant removal rate from infection after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.","volume":"41","author":"AD Gallagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289827.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00663.x","article-title":"Predictive variables for complications after TPLO with stifle inspection by arthrotomy in 1000 consecutive dogs.","volume":"39","author":"N Fitzpatrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289827.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1160\/VCOT-07-02-0013","article-title":"A comparison of outcomes following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and cranial tibial wedge osteotomy procedures.","volume":"20","author":"SA Corr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0289827.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1726","article-title":"Complications with and owner assessment of the outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 193 cases (1997\u20132001).","volume":"222","author":"NH Priddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0289827.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13436","article-title":"Contributing factors to surgical site infection after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: A follow-up retrospective study.","volume":"49","author":"CRM Hagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.1.88","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infection-inflammation in dogs undergoing surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament: 902 cases (2005\u20132006).","volume":"236","author":"TN Frey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676352","article-title":"Prospective Evaluation of Surgical Wound Dressings and the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Dogs Undergoing a Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy.","volume":"32","author":"JJ Giannetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289827.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-16-07-0106","article-title":"Comparison of complications following tibial tuberosity advancement and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in very large and giant dogs 50 kg or more in body weight.","volume":"30","author":"EC Hans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289827.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-09-0141","article-title":"Perioperative risk factors for surgical site infection in tibial tuberosity advancement: 224 stifles.","volume":"28","author":"FW Yap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289827.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00307.x","article-title":"Tibial tuberosity advancement for stabilization of the canine cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joint: surgical technique, early results, and complications in 101 dogs.","volume":"36","author":"S Lafaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0289827.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.12.1481","article-title":"Surgical and postoperative complications associated with tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 458 cases (2007\u20132009).","volume":"240","author":"RE Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289827.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12649","article-title":"Major complications of tibial tuberosity advancement in 1613 dogs.","volume":"46","author":"M Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289827.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715605","article-title":"Investigation of Variables Associated with Surgical Site Infection following the Management of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture with a Lateral Fabellotibial Suture.","volume":"33","author":"T Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289827.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.9.1168","article-title":"Surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation without femoral trochlear groove deepening procedures in dogs: 91 cases (1998\u20132009).","volume":"238","author":"WR Linney","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0289827.ref018","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd World Veterinary Orthopaedic Congress and 33rd Annual Veterinary Orthopedic Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair Society Meeting","author":"AM Peruski","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00004.x","article-title":"Patellar luxation in 70 large breed dogs.","volume":"47","author":"SE Gibbons","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref020","first-page":"18","article-title":"Tibial tuberosity transposition-advancement for treatment of medial patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament disease in the dog.","volume":"24","author":"R Yeadon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surgical technique, radiographic and clinical outcomes. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289827.ref021","first-page":"375","article-title":"Effects of incision closure method on infection prevalence following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.","volume":"56","author":"C Atwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Vet J."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13337","article-title":"Influence of administration of antimicrobial medications after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy on surgical site infections: A retrospective study of 308 dogs.","volume":"49","author":"AC Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"pone.0289827.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13634","article-title":"Timing of and risk factors for deep surgical site infection requiring implant removal following canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.","volume":"50","author":"RA McDougall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0289827.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12175.x","article-title":"Economic impact of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgical site infection in dogs.","volume":"43","author":"C Nicoll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"pone.0289827.ref025","article-title":"Package insert","author":"Apoquel (oclacitinib tablet).","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoetis, Inc."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12186","article-title":"A blinded, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of oclacitinib and ciclosporin for the control of atopic dermatitis in client-owned dogs.","volume":"26","author":"PR Little","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289827.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12194","article-title":"Long-term compassionate use of oclacitinib in dogs with atopic and allergic skin disease: safety, efficacy and quality of life.","volume":"26","author":"SB Cosgrove","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0289827.ref028","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Event."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0289827.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04076.x","article-title":"A prospective study of postoperative surgical site infections in dogs and cats.","volume":"33","author":"S Eugster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289827.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12212.x","article-title":"Locking plate and screw fixation after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy reduces postoperative infection rate in dogs over 50 kg.","volume":"44","author":"MA Solano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289827.ref031","first-page":"249","article-title":"Complications associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: a retrospective of 1519 procedures.","volume":"55","author":"TJ Coletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Vet J"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289827","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T20:06:26Z","timestamp":1702929986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289827"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Robert Jeenchen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289827","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]}}}