{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T18:38:23Z","timestamp":1772217503056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality, however early in the pandemic it was challenging to collate data on this heterogenous population. We conducted a registry study of immunocompromised individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from March\u2013October 2020 in Sydney, Australia to understand clinical and laboratory outcomes in this population prior to the emergence of the Delta variant. 27 participants were enrolled into the study including people with a haematologic oncologic conditions (n = 12), secondary immunosuppression (N = 8) and those with primary or acquired immunodeficiency (i.e. HIV; N = 7). All participants had symptomatic COVID-19 with the most common features being cough (64%), fever (52%) and headache (40%). Five patients demonstrated delayed SARS-CoV-2 clearance lasting three weeks to three months. The mortality rate in this study was 7% compared to 1.3% in the state of New South Wales Australia during the same period. This study provides data from the first eight months of the pandemic on COVID-19 outcomes in at-risk patient groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T13:43:30Z","timestamp":1698846210000},"page":"e0289907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 illness and outcomes in immunocompromised individuals during the first pandemic wave in Sydney, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-5962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nila J.","family":"Dharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0026-1457","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Golo","family":"Ahlenstiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Griselda","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-7960","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Win Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-3545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgina V.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail V.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Papot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Petoumenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Withers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark N.","family":"Polizzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the CORIA Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0289907.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4","article-title":"Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10223","key":"pone.0289907.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10223","key":"pone.0289907.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)."},{"issue":"7821","key":"pone.0289907.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY","volume":"584","author":"EJ Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0289907.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac008","article-title":"Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency in the UK","volume":"209","author":"AM Shields","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289907.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50883","article-title":"Outcomes for patients with COVID-19 admitted to Australian intensive care units during the first four months of the pandemic","volume":"214","author":"AJ Burrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"pone.0289907.ref007","article-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19)\u2013CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units.","author":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0289907.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1592217","article-title":"High mortality from viral pneumonia in patients with cancer","volume":"51","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289907.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13511","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13511","article-title":"RNA respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.","volume":"33","author":"O Manuel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0289907.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1086\/598684","article-title":"Prolonged influenza virus infection during lymphocytopenia and frequent detection of drug-resistant viruses","volume":"199","author":"J Gooskens","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0289907.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1607.091579","article-title":"Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in patient with impaired immune system","volume":"16","author":"GA Hill-Cawthorne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0289907.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.11.030","article-title":"Successful recovery of MERS CoV pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report","volume":"62","author":"S Shalhoub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of clinical virology: the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289907.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200302273480923","article-title":"Prolonged shedding of multidrug-resistant influenza A virus in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"348","author":"DM Weinstock","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0289907.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646095","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.646095","article-title":"The Role of Immunological and Clinical Biomarkers to Predict Clinical COVID-19 Severity and Response to Therapy-A Prospective Longitudinal Study","volume":"12","author":"A Copaescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289907.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01810-8","article-title":"At what times during infection is SARS-CoV-2 detectable and no longer detectable using RT-PCR-based tests? A systematic review of individual participant data.","volume":"18","author":"S Mallett","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289907.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30172-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"M Cevik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0289907.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27832","article-title":"Persistent high-level shedding of cultivable SARS-CoV-2 Delta virus 33 days after onset of COVID-19 in a hospitalized patient with pneumonia","volume":"94","author":"KW Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0289907.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.03.039","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China.","volume":"77","author":"L Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0289907.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001931","article-title":"Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibition","volume":"9","author":"A Rogiers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0289907.ref020","unstructured":"New South Wales Government. COVID-19 weekly surveillance in NSW epidemiological week 44, ending 31 October 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/Infectious\/covid-19\/Documents\/covid-19-surveillance-report-20211111.pdf. Access date July 22, 2023."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T13:45:04Z","timestamp":1698846304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289907"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Olatunji Matthew","family":"Kolawole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289907","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.08.17.23293358","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}