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However, the time course of these responses during self-paced running, particularly when comparing hot and temperate conditions, still needs further clarification. Moreover, monitoring fatigue induced by exercise is paramount to prescribing training and recovery adequately, but investigations on the effects of a hot environment on post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue are scarce. This study compared the time course of physiological and perceptual responses during a 10 km self-paced treadmill run (as fast as possible) between temperate (25\u00b0C) and hot (35\u00b0C) conditions. We also investigated the changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance following exercise in these two ambient temperatures. Thirteen recreational long-distance runners (11 men and 2 women), inhabitants of a tropical region, completed the two experimental trials in a randomized order. Compared to 25\u00b0C, participants had transiently higher body core temperature (T<jats:sub>CORE<\/jats:sub>) and consistently greater perceived exertion while running at 35\u00b0C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). These changes were associated with a slower pace, evidenced by an additional 14 \u00b1 5 min (mean \u00b1 SD) to complete the 10 km at 35\u00b0C than at 25\u00b0C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Before, immediately after, and 1 h after the self-paced run, the participants performed CMJs to evaluate lower limb neuromuscular fatigue. CMJ height was reduced by 7.0% (2.3 \u00b1 2.4 cm) at 1 h after the race (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) compared to pre-exercise values; environmental conditions did not influence this reduction. In conclusion, despite the reduced endurance performance, higher perceived exertion, and transiently augmented T<jats:sub>CORE<\/jats:sub> caused by environmental heat stress, post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue is similar between temperate and hot conditions. This finding suggests that the higher external load (faster speed) at 25\u00b0C compensates for the effects of more significant perceptual responses at 35\u00b0C in inducing neuromuscular fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1692293190000},"page":"e0290081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reduced running performance and greater perceived exertion, but similar post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue in tropical natives subjected to a 10 km self-paced run in a hot compared to a temperate environment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7445-6156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jefferson F. 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O.","family":"Sevilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio E.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4659-1032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel P.","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0290081.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802d3aba","article-title":"Impact of weather on marathon-running performance","volume":"39","author":"MR Ely","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0290081.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-009-0280-x","article-title":"Effects of weather on the performance of marathon runners","volume":"54","author":"T. 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