{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:53:11Z","timestamp":1793386391953,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although many studies have focused on chromium removal from aqueous media by ternary Nano adsorbents, still the integrated kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic mechanisms of chromium removal remain unknown. Thus in this study, we have synthesized a novel ternary oxide nanocomposite comprising iron, manganese, and stannous (Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in a facile method as a promising adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from an aqueous medium. The Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> system was firstly characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and SEM\/EDX. The effect of parameters, for instance, pH, temperature, initial Cr(VI) intensity, and adsorbent dose, have been examined to optimize the Cr(VI) adsorption performance. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanoadsorbent is associated with an adsorption\/reduction mechanism. Using an initial Cr(VI) intensity of 50 mg L<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>, 200 rpm agitation, 2.5-g L<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> of adsorbent, pH 2, 90 minutes adsorption time, and 298 K temperature, a maximum adsorption capability of 69.2 mg Cr(VI) g<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> for Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was obtained. Models of pseudo-2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>-order kinetics and Langmuir\u2019s isotherm were best suited to the investigated data. Besides, thermodynamic parameters show that Cr(VI) adsorption onto Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was random and dominated by entropy. The reusability of Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was found to be consistently high (remaining above 80% for Cr(VI)) over four adsorption-desorption cycles. Chromium adsorption from the tannery wastewater was achieved 91.89% on Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2.<\/jats:sub> Therefore, Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-MnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles, being easy to be synthesized, reusable and having improved adsorption capability with higher surface area, could be a desirable option for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T18:35:06Z","timestamp":1703270106000},"page":"e0290234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous medium by ternary nanoadsorbent: A study of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8452-3479","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Nashir","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh Chandra","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-591X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md Abul","family":"Hasanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A. H.","family":"Badsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohaiminul Haider","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5779-1382","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0290234.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39474","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25710-5","article-title":"A review on algal biosorbents for heavy metal remediation with different adsorption isotherm models","volume":"30","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"pone.0290234.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-11399-z","article-title":"Systemic impact of heavy metals and their role in cancer development: a review","volume":"195","author":"L Parida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"pone.0290234.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-24086-7_18","volume-title":"Modern Approaches in Waste 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