{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:37:57Z","timestamp":1789184277505,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 2016, the invasive insect <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic> (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the Americas has made maize production unattainable without pesticides in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. To counteract this pest, farmers often resort to the use hazardous pesticides. This study aimed to investigate botanicals, microbials, and semi-synthetic insecticides in Ghana for pest control without harming local ecosystems. Under laboratory and on-station conditions, the present study evaluated the acute and sublethal responses of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> to: (i) <jats:italic>Pieris rapae<\/jats:italic> Granulovirus (<jats:italic>Pr<\/jats:italic>GV) + <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic> sub sp. <jats:italic>kurstaki<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Btk<\/jats:italic>) 5 WP, (ii) <jats:italic>Btk<\/jats:italic> + monosultap 55 WP, (iii) ethyl palmitate 5 SC, (iv) azadirachtin 0.3 SC, (v) acetamiprid (20 g\/l) + \u03bb-cyhalothrin (15 g\/l) 35 EC, (vi) acetamiprid (30 g\/l) + indoxacarb (16 g\/l) 46 EC, and (vii) emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC. The results showed that at 96 hours post-exposure emamectin benzoate-based formulation has the highest acute larvicidal effect with lower LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 0.019 mL\/L. However, the results suggested strong sublethal effects of <jats:italic>Pr<\/jats:italic>GV + <jats:italic>Btk<\/jats:italic>, azadirachtin, and ethyl palmitate on the bionomics of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic>. Two seasons on-station experiments, showed that the semi-synthetic emamectin benzoate and the bioinsecticide <jats:italic>Pr<\/jats:italic>GV + <jats:italic>Btk<\/jats:italic> are good candidates for managing <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic>. The promising efficacy of emamectin benzoate and <jats:italic>Pr<\/jats:italic>GV + <jats:italic>Btk<\/jats:italic> on the bionomics of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> in the laboratory and on-station demonstrated that they are viable options for managing this pest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T18:39:35Z","timestamp":1700073575000},"page":"e0290390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bionomic responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) to lethal and sublethal concentrations of selected insecticides"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9239-194X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kokou Rodrigue","family":"Fiaboe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken Okwae","family":"Fening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfred Seth Kofi","family":"Gbewonyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7447-0126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharanabasappa","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0290390.ref001","author":"Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA).","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) Ghana 2020."},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref002","article-title":"Profit efficiency among maize farmers and implications for poverty alleviation and food security in Ghana.","volume":"6","author":"CA Wongnaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci African."},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref003","first-page":"632","article-title":"Maize in sub-Saharan Africa: importance and production constraints","author":"B Badu-Apraku","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in genetic enhancement of early and extra-early maize for sub-Saharan Africa"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvaa048","article-title":"Maize infestation of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) within agro-ecological zones of Togo and Ghana in West Africa 3 Yr after its invasion.","volume":"49","author":"D Koffi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref005","article-title":"Comparative effects of biopesticides on fall armyworm management and larval parasitism rates in Northern Ghana.","author":"LK Agboyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165632","article-title":"First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa.","volume":"11","author":"G Goergen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cameroon: Case study on its distribution, damage, pesticide use, genetic differentiation and host plants.","volume":"14","author":"AF Kuate","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/jen.12827","article-title":"Spatio-temporal partitioning and sharing of parasitoids by fall armyworm and maize stemborers in Cameroon","volume":"145","author":"AF Abang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref009","first-page":"0","article-title":"Annual dynamics of fall armyworm populations in West Africa and biology in different host plants","volume":"16","author":"BR Ahissou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci African"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4001\/003.026.0286","article-title":"Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas.","volume":"26","author":"DG Montezano","year":"2018","journal-title":"African Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Host-plant adaptation as a driver of incipient speciation in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).","volume":"22","author":"E Fiteni","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ecol Evol"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref012","volume-title":"Fall armyworm in Africa: A guide for intergrated pest management.","author":"BM Prasanna","year":"2018","edition":"1"},{"key":"pone.0290390.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2019.104960","article-title":"A new pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. 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