{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:28:47Z","timestamp":1766492927843,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing market demand for high-quality aquatic products, the application of industrialized aquaculture facilities may get more attention. In order to improve the poor performance of thermal insulation, the accuracy of the numerical model was verified in this study through actual measured data. The model verification results shown that the average relative errors of the measured and calculated values of indoor air temperature, water temperature and roof inner surface temperature in the industrialized aquaculture workshop is within 2.5%, it suggested that the numerical calculation results are accurate. Furthermore, the thermal environment and thermal insulation performance of industrialized aquaculture facilities in winter were conducted based on the numerical calculations. After optimized the thermophysical parameters of the workshop enclosure structure, we found that the water body temperature could reach 21\u00b0C (which was close to the breeding temperature of grouper (Epinephelinae). Therefore, the numerical calculation method was further used to analyze the energy consumption of aquaculture water in January of a typical year in this area by heating to three constant temperatures (22, 25, and 28\u00b0C). When the aquaculture water was heated to the three constant temperature states, it needed to consume 8.56\u00d710<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>, 1.02\u00d710<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> and 1.22\u00d710<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> MJ of energy respectively, which were equal to the amount of energy released by the complete combustion of 29.3, 35.1 and 41.8 t standard coal. Moreover, it is concluded that the artificial temperature increase in winter maintains the temperature in the range of 22~25\u00b0C to provide the highest heating efficiency. This conclusion can provide theoretical basis and application reference for industrialized aquaculture in winter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T17:23:06Z","timestamp":1695662586000},"page":"e0290449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Numerical calculation and experimental analysis of thermal environment in industrialized aquaculture facilities"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9306-2051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiashuai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Encai","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8003-1006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaoxue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0290449.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734487","article-title":"The importance of calibrating climate change projections to local conditions at aquaculture sites [J]","volume":"514","author":"L FALCONER","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0290449.ref002","article-title":"Food security, farming, and climate change to 2050: scenarios, results, policy options [M]","author":"G C NELSON","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intl Food Policy Res Inst"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0290449.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0230-x","article-title":"Risk of increased food insecurity under stringent global climate change mitigation policy [J]","volume":"8","author":"T HASEGAWA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"pone.0290449.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-015-0435-z","article-title":"The role of international trade in managing food security risks from climate change [J]","volume":"7","author":"U L C BALDOS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Security"},{"key":"pone.0290449.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-018-1117-3","article-title":"Global aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and climate change adaptability [J]","volume":"63","author":"N AHMED","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental management"},{"issue":"6499","key":"pone.0290449.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz3658","article-title":"Thermal bottlenecks in the life cycle define climate vulnerability of fish [J]","volume":"369","author":"F T DAHLKE","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0290449.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7724","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8724","article-title":"Short winters threaten temperate fish populations [J]","volume":"6","author":"T M FARMER","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0290449.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.11.057","article-title":"Environmental warming and feminization of one of the largest sea turtle populations in the world [J]","volume":"28","author":"M P JENSEN","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0290449.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse3020329","article-title":"Sex control in fish: approaches, challenges and opportunities for aquaculture [J]","volume":"3","author":"A M BUDD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"pone.0290449.ref010","unstructured":"HORSTMAN Z. 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