{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T05:29:24Z","timestamp":1777267764171,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017638","name":"Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["056-00093-25-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["056-00093-25-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> is motile at 22\u00b0C and non-motile at 37\u00b0C. In contrast, expression of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> virulence factors is low at 22\u00b0C and up-regulated at 37\u00b0C. Here, we studied a character of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> near surface swimming (NSS) motility and its effects on adhesion patterns and invasion into epithelial cells. <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> and its saprophytic counterpart <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>innocua<\/jats:italic> both grown at 22\u00b0C showed similar NSS characteristics including individual velocities, trajectory lengths, residence times, and an asymmetric distribution of velocity directions. Similar NSS patterns correlated with similar adhesion patterns. Motile bacteria, including both pathogenic and saprophytic species, showed a preference for adhering to the periphery of epithelial HEp-2 cells. In contrast, non-motile bacteria were evenly distributed across the cell surface, including areas over the nucleus. However, the uneven distribution of motile bacteria did not enhance the invasion into HEp-2 cells unless virulence factor production was up-regulated by the transient shift of the culture to 37\u00b0C. Motile <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> grown overnight at 22\u00b0C and then shifted to 37\u00b0C for 2 h expressed invasion factors at the same level and invaded human cells up to five times more efficiently comparatively with non-motile bacteria grown overnight at 37\u00b0C. Taken together, obtained results demonstrated that (i) NSS motility and correspondent peripheral location over the cell surface did not depend on <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> virulence traits; (ii) motility improved <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> invasion into human HEp-2 cells within a few hours after the transition from the ambient temperature to the human body temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T17:33:28Z","timestamp":1693503208000},"page":"e0290842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Motility provides specific adhesion patterns and improves Listeria monocytogenes invasion into human HEp-2 cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mariam M.","family":"Abdulkadieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Sysolyatina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Vasilieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika V.","family":"Litvinenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egor V.","family":"Kalinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir G.","family":"Zhukhovitsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia V.","family":"Shevlyagina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana G.","family":"Andreevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaroslav M.","family":"Stanishevskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail M.","family":"Vasiliev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg F.","family":"Petrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3396-6816","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Svetlana A.","family":"Ermolaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0290842.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00173","article-title":"The role of motility as a virulence factor in bacteria","volume":"291","author":"C Josenhans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201100335","article-title":"Flagella and bacterial pathogenicity","volume":"53","author":"Q Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Basic Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.10.032","article-title":"The flagellum in bacterial pathogens: For motility and a whole lot more","volume":"46","author":"B Chaban","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073026","article-title":"The role of flagella in Clostridium difficile pathogenesis: comparison between a non-epidemic and an epidemic strain","volume":"8","author":"ST Baban","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1962-1966.2006","article-title":"Reduced virulence of an fliC mutant of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21","volume":"74","author":"TJ Rogers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Novel Small RNA Promotes Motility and Virulence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Response to Ammonium","volume":"12","author":"T Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00886-06","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes flagella are used for motility, not as adhesins, to increase host cell invasion","volume":"74","author":"HS O\u2019Neil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0290842.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-017-1256-4","article-title":"Role of Flagella in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"74","author":"H. 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