{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:06:15Z","timestamp":1781708775035,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer AG","award":["63174257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63174257"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Virology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ticks play an important role in transmitting many different emerging zoonotic pathogens that pose a significant threat to human and animal health. In Switzerland and abroad, the number of tick-borne diseases, in particular tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), has been increasing over the last few years. Thus, it remains essential to investigate the pathogen spectrum of ticks to rapidly detect emerging pathogens and initiate the necessary measures. To assess the risk of tick-borne diseases in different regions of Switzerland, we collected a total of 10\u2019286 ticks from rural and urban areas in ten cantons in 2021 and 2022. Ticks were pooled according to species, developmental stage, gender, and collection site, and analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The metagenomic analysis revealed for the first time the presence of Alongshan virus (ALSV) in Swiss ticks. Interestingly, the pool-prevalence of ALSV was higher than that of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Furthermore, several TBEV foci have been identified and pool prevalence of selected non-viral pathogens determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T18:37:08Z","timestamp":1699900628000},"page":"e0290942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hazard potential of Swiss Ixodes ricinus ticks: Virome composition and presence of selected bacterial and protozoan pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Stegm\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-9983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul R.","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7221-6706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cornel","family":"Fraefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-3533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakub","family":"Kubacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0290942.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6938","DOI":"10.2741\/3200","article-title":"Overview: Ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals","volume":"113","author":"J De La Fuente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0290942.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa209","article-title":"Impact of Land Use Changes and Habitat Fragmentation on the Eco-epidemiology of Tick-Borne Diseases","volume":"58","author":"MA Diuk-Wasser","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0290942.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00206-1","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis.","volume":"57","author":"TS Gritsun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0290942.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-1-179","article-title":"Sequence analysis and genetic classification of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Europe and Asia","volume":"80","author":"M Ecker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0290942.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.09.015","article-title":"Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: New insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy","volume":"361","author":"G Grard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0290942.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081214","article-title":"The Three Subtypes of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Induce Encephalitis in a Natural Host, the Bank Vole (Myodes glareolus).","volume":"8","author":"E Tonteri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0290942.ref007","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) prevalence in field-collected ticks (Ixodes ricinus) and phylogenetic, structural and virulence analysis in a TBE high-risk endemic area in southwestern Germany.","volume":"13","author":"D Ott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0290942.ref008","article-title":"A new subtype of eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus discovered in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China article.","volume":"7","author":"X Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0290942.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21765","article-title":"Genotyping and characterization of the geographical distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus variants with a set of molecular probes","volume":"82","author":"V. 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