{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:32:38Z","timestamp":1790184758659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004035","name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["536\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["536\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enhancing adherence to medication has the potential to improve clinical outcomes and decrease healthcare cost. The role of clinical pharmacist-led education on adherence to short-term antibiotic has never been investigated in Jordan. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on antibiotic short-term adherence and to assess the antibiotic utilization pattern. A prospective, single blinded, randomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Jordan. Adult patients diagnosed with acute infection and prescribed a short-term antibiotic course (&lt; 30 day) were included in the study. Recruited patients were randomly allocated into control and intervention groups. Pharmaceutical education about the correct use of antibiotic\/s was provided to the intervention group. The results showed that penicillins were the most prescribed antibiotics (38.7%) followed by fluoroquinolones (23.9%) and cephalosporines (20.9%). Patients in the intervention group were more likely to be adherent to the prescribed antibiotics compared to control group (OR = 1.445, 95CI% = 1.029\u20132.030, p = 0.033). Employed patients, less frequent administration of antibiotic, and searching information related to the prescribed antibiotics were factors associated with better adherence to short-term antibiotic (p&lt;0.05). The most common reasons for non-adherence were feeling better and forgetfulness to take medication. These findings highlighted that pharmacist-led educational intervention significantly enhance adherence to prescribed short-term antibiotics which is a major drive to control antibiotic resistance. Initiatives should be adopted to include patient education as a regular element in the medication dispensing process.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:bold>: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05293977\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT05293977<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T17:23:30Z","timestamp":1693934610000},"page":"e0291050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Adherence and utilization of short-term antibiotics: Randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-5837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Basima A.","family":"Almomani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra M.","family":"Hijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belal A.","family":"Al-Husein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3766-5781","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muna","family":"Oqal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-2171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lara M.","family":"Al-Natour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0291050.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.09.012","article-title":"A study of adherence to antibiotic treatment in ambulatory respiratory infections","volume":"17","author":"C Llor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0291050.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.835255","article-title":"Development of a short questionnaire to identify the risk of nonadherence to antibiotic treatment","volume":"29","author":"K Kandrotaite","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0291050.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03605-8","article-title":"Assessment of anti-infective medication adherence in pediatric outpatients","volume":"179","author":"M Warembourg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0291050.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trx050","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a One Health perspective","volume":"111","author":"LH Kahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0291050.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S29549","article-title":"Definitions, variants, and causes of nonadherence with medication: a challenge for tailored interventions","volume":"7","author":"JG Hugtenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0291050.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.010","article-title":"Intentional and unintentional medication non-adherence: a comprehensive framework for clinical research and practice? 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