{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:31:27Z","timestamp":1792794687344,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Cordyceps militaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. After the chrysalis seeds are matured and harvested, the spent substrate of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>militaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    still contains active ingredients but is usually discarded as waste. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>militaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    spent substrate extract and its inhibitory activity on the\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    commensal yeasts that can cause dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Active substances in the spent substrate of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>militaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    were extracted using a hot water extraction method and were used for the determination of antioxidant activity by measuring their ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions. The ability to inhibit\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    was analyzed using the broth microdilution method, and the reparative effect on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells was measured using\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell analysis. Respiratory burst evaluation was used to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity of extracts. Analysis of the\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -inhibiting activity of the extracts showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 6.25 mg\/mL. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH, O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    , H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and OH\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    were 3.845 mg\/mL, 2.673 mg\/mL, 0.037 mg\/mL and 0.046 mg\/mL, respectively. In the concentration range of 2 to 50%, the extract was non-toxic to cells and was able to protect HaCaT cells from H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    damage. When the volume fraction of the extract was 20.96%, its anti-inflammatory ability reached 50%. These results demonstrated that the extract may be a safe and efficacious source for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications, with\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -inhibiting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T13:48:53Z","timestamp":1694180933000},"page":"e0291363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of Cordyceps militaris spent substrate"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Danyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjiu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhe","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5289-7310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0291363.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsymp.5650049","article-title":"Malassezia 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