{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:18:56Z","timestamp":1747196336922,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mixed cooling techniques (combination of internal and external strategies, with and without menthol) during warm-up for a time trial in tropical climate. Seven heat-acclimatized trained male road cyclists participated in three experimental sessions consisting of 20-min cycling performances on a velodrome track in ecological hot and humid conditions (Guadeloupe, French West Indies; WBGT: 27.64\u00b10.27\u00b0C; relative humidity: 76.43\u00b12.19%), preceded by a standardized 30-min warm-up and the ingestion of cold menthol water (1) with a cooling vest soaked in ice water (ICE-VEST), (2) with a cooling vest soaked in ice menthol water (MEN-VEST), and (3) without a vest (NO-VEST). Cycling performance (total distance, distance traveled per 2-min block), physiological parameters (core body temperature recorded, heart rate) and perceptions (exertion, thermal comfort, thermal sensation) were assessed. No between-condition differences were found for physiological parameters, the total covered distance or the distance traveled per 2-min block. However, distance traveled per 2-min decreased with time <jats:italic>(p = 0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>03)<\/jats:italic>, with no difference between conditions, suggesting a variation in pace during the cycling performance trial (e.g., mean\u00b1SD: 1321\u00b148.01m at T2; 1308\u00b146.20m at T8, 1284\u00b178.38m at T14, 1309\u00b176.29m at T20). No between-condition differences were found for perception of exertion, thermal comfort and thermal sensation during the warm-up (11.83\u00b13.34; 2.58\u00b11.02; 4.39\u00b10.94, respectively) and the performance (17.85\u00b10.99; 2.70\u00b11.25; 5.20\u00b11.20, respectively) but the pairwise comparisons within condition revealed a significant increase of TS values from T0 (4.57\u00b11.13) to T20 (6.00\u00b10.58) only in NO-VEST condition (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.04). The absence of modification of thermal sensation at the end of the cycling test under the mixed conditions (ICE-VEST and MEN-VEST) suggests a beneficial effect of wearing a cooling vest on thermal sensation although it had no effect on performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T17:26:42Z","timestamp":1697131602000},"page":"e0291951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative pre-cooling methods do not enhance cycling performance in tropical climate"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-4125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Collado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-3393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Hermand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Hue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0291951.ref001","first-page":"306","article-title":"Influence of a hot\/wet environment on exercise performance in natives to tropical climate.","volume":"43","author":"B Voltaire","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"pone.0291951.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.6.4.443","article-title":"The challenge of performing aerobic exercise in tropical environments: Applied knowledge and perspectives","volume":"6","author":"O. 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