{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:06:28Z","timestamp":1790309188395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An improved understanding of behaviors reflecting acute pain in cats is a priority for feline welfare. The aim of this study was to create and validate a comprehensive ethogram of acute pain behaviors in cats that can discriminate painful versus non-painful individuals. An inventory of behaviors (ethogram) with their respective descriptors was created based on a literature review of PubMed, Web of Science and CAB Abstracts databases. The ethogram was divided into ten behavior categories that could be evaluated by duration and\/or frequency: position in the cage, exploratory behaviors, activity, posture and body position, affective-emotional states, vocalization, playing (with an object), feeding, post-feeding and facial expressions\/features. Thirty-six behaviors were analyzed independently by four veterinarians with postgraduate qualifications in feline medicine and\/or behavior as (1) not relevant, (2) somewhat relevant, (3) quite relevant or (4) highly relevant and used for content (I-CVI) and face validity. Items with I-CVI scores &gt; 0.67 were included. Twenty-four behaviors were included in the final ethogram. Thirteen items presented full agreement (i.e., I-CVI = 1): positioned in the back of the cage, no attention to surroundings, feigned sleep, grooming, attention to wound, crouched\/hunched, abnormal gait, depressed, difficulty grasping food, head shaking, eye squinting, blepharospasm and lowered head position. Seven descriptors were reworded according to expert suggestions. The final ethogram provides a detailed description of acute pain behaviors in cats after content and face validity and can be applied to the characterization of different acute painful conditions in hospitalized cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T17:37:49Z","timestamp":1695922669000},"page":"e0292224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An ethogram of acute pain behaviors in cats based on expert consensus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-585X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabrine","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-7801","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-6043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paulo V.","family":"Steagall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0292224.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X221128760","article-title":"2022 AAFP\/ISFM Cat Friendly Veterinary Interaction Guidelines: Approach and Handling Techniques","volume":"24","author":"I Rodan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"pone.0292224.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13566","article-title":"2022 WSAVA guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain","volume":"64","author":"BP Monteiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"pone.0292224.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18771204","article-title":"Behavioral awareness in the feline consultation: Understanding physical and emotional health.","volume":"20","author":"DF Horwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"pone.0292224.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X211066268","article-title":"2022 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Acute Pain in Cats.","volume":"24","author":"V Steagall P","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"pone.0292224.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X221128763","article-title":"2022 ISFM\/AAFP Cat Friendly Veterinary Environment Guidelines.","volume":"24","author":"S Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"pone.0292224.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7292","article-title":"2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats.","volume":"58","author":"ME Gruen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0292224.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11225","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11225","article-title":". 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