{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:12:58Z","timestamp":1790727178661,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n in field-caught bed bug species in Paris areas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The bed bug specimens were captured from various infested localities in Paris and surrounding cities. They belonged to diverse life stages, including egg, nymph, and adult. They were then identified using morphological and molecular approaches. Furthermore,\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n was detected, and its genetic diversity was investigated by conventional PCR of 16S-rRNA and\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n surface protein (\n wsp<\/jats:italic>\n ) genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 256 bed bug specimens belonging to various life stages [adult (183 specimens), nymph (48), and egg (25)] were captured from seven private apartments, five social apartments, three houses, two immigrant residences, and one retirement home situated in 10 districts of Paris and 8 surrounding cities. They were identified as\n Cimex lectularius<\/jats:italic>\n (237 specimens) and\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n hemipterus<\/jats:italic>\n (19) using morphological and molecular approaches. The presence and diversity of\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n were ascertained by targeting 16S-rRNA and\n wsp<\/jats:italic>\n genes. Based on molecular analysis, 182 and 148 out of 256 processed specimens were positive by amplifying 16S-rRNA and\n wsp<\/jats:italic>\n fragments, respectively. The inferred phylogenetic analysis with 16S-rRNA and\n wsp<\/jats:italic>\n sequences displayed monophyletic\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n strains clustering each one in three populations. The median-joining network, including the\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n 16S-rRNA and\n wsp<\/jats:italic>\n sequences of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n lectularius<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n hemipterous<\/jats:italic>\n specimens, indicated a significant genetic differentiation among these populations in Paris areas which was consent with Neighbor-Joining analyses. A phylogenetic analysis of our heterogenic\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n sequences with those reported from other arthropod species confirmed their belonging to supergroup F. Moreover, no difference between\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n sequences from eggs, nymphs, and adults belonging to the same clade and between\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n sequences of\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n lectularius<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n hemipterus<\/jats:italic>\n were observed after sequence alignment. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between multiple geographical locations (or accomodation type) where bed bugs were collected and the genetic diversity of\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We highlight a significant heterogeneity within\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n symbionts detected in\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n lectularius<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n hemipterus<\/jats:italic>\n . No correlation between\n Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n species and bed bug species (\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n lectularius<\/jats:italic>\n versus\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n hemipterus<\/jats:italic>\n ), physiological stages (egg, nymph, and adult), and sampling location was recorded in this study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T13:39:29Z","timestamp":1695908369000},"page":"e0292229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Wolbachia endosymbionts in bed bugs (Hemiptera; Cimicidae) collected in Paris"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dahlia","family":"Chebbah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Hamarsheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Sereno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nohal","family":"Elissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezki","family":"Izri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4672-9836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akhoundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0292229.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.405","article-title":"Bed 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