{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:36:23Z","timestamp":1767861383847,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Maxillary surgery alone can be proposed for the surgical management of class III malocclusion, but anticipating outcomes for the labiomental muscle complex is challenging due to the mandibular autorotation phenomenon. The objective of this study was to quantify the mandibular and labiomental movements induced by maxillary osteotomy alone in the management of class III malocclusion according to different clinical and surgical variables.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The post-operative changes in mandibular and labiomental shapes were studied by geometric morphometry from the pre- and post-operative lateral cephalometric radiograph of 25 patients. The explanatory variables tested were maxillary advancement, maxillary rotation, and divergence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Soft tissues repositioning are different from postoperative mandibular repositioning after maxillary osteotomy. Neuromuscular adjustments of mandible depend on divergence and the maxillary rotation. Labiomental response only depends on divergence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The surgical procedure does not have the same bone-related and musculocutaneous effects on patients with the same class III malocclusion. It is therefore essential for surgeons to understand the effects of their procedure on musculocutaneous tissues in order to best anticipate post-operative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T17:41:47Z","timestamp":1696873307000},"page":"e0292391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of labiomandibular movements induced after isolated LeFort I osteotomy in the surgical management of class III malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Passalboni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-6200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maxime","family":"Taverne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Rotenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Lauwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2903-0644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alice","family":"Prevost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0292391.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90109-5","article-title":"Components of adult class III malocclusion.","volume":"42","author":"E Ellis","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Oral Maxil Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0292391.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9093048","article-title":"Novel Sub-Clustering of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Phenotypes in a Southern European Population Based on Proportional Measurements.","volume":"9","author":"L de Frutos-Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292391.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0088","article-title":"A classification and characterization of skeletal class III on etio-pathogenic basis.","volume":"30","author":"SX Hong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oral Max Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74488-w","article-title":"Sub-clustering in skeletal class III malocclusion phenotypes via principal component analysis in a southern European population.","volume":"10","author":"L de Frutos-Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep-uk."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.02.022","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term hard tissue remodelling after skeletal class III orthognathic surgery: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"LG Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Max Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292391.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350510019892","article-title":"Mandibular setback by sagittal split ramus osteotomy: A 12-year follow-up.","volume":"63","author":"N Eggensperger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.03.050","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III malocclusion: Stability and risk factors for relapse","volume":"139","author":"G Jakobsone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0292391.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.046","article-title":"Stability After Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy Setback Surgery With Rigid Internal Fixation: A Systematic Review.","volume":"66","author":"CU Joss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxil Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0292391.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.01.006","article-title":"Stability After Mandibular Setback: Mandible-Only Versus 2-Jaw Surgery.","volume":"70","author":"WR Proffit","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxil Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292391.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12456","article-title":"Stability of single\u2010jaw vs two\u2010jaw surgery following the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"24","author":"MZ Rizk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0292391.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.02.004","article-title":"Variables associated with stability after Le Fort I osteotomy for skeletal class III malocclusion.","volume":"50","author":"CC Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oral Max Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0292391.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2319\/030211-150.1","article-title":"Influence of single-jaw surgery vs bimaxillary surgery on the outcome and duration of combined orthodontic-surgical treatment","volume":"81","author":"I Arad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0292391.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90248-8","article-title":"Stability of Le Fort I osteotomy with advancement: A comparison of single maxillary surgery and a two-jaw procedure","volume":"56","author":"S Bothur","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Maxil Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2019.10.309","article-title":"Postoperative stability of conventional bimaxillary surgery compared with maxillary impaction surgery with mandibular autorotation for patients with skeletal class II retrognathia","volume":"58","author":"S Kita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292391.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005026","article-title":"Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Early Complications","volume":"30","author":"RS Kantar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292391.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04315-7","article-title":"Changes in health-related quality of life after orthognathic surgery: a multicenter study","volume":"26","author":"V Duarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292391.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006650","article-title":"The Impacts of Orthognathic Surgery on the Facial Appearance and Age Perception of Patients Presenting Skeletal Class III Deformity: An Outcome Study Using the FACE-Q Report and Surgical Professional\u2013Based Panel Assessment","volume":"145","author":"R Denadai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010262","article-title":"Effect of Le Fort I Maxillary Advancement and Clockwise Rotation on the Anteromedial Cheek Soft Tissue Change in Patients with Skeletal Class III Pattern and Midface Deficiency: A 3D Imaging-Based Prediction Study.","volume":"9","author":"HC Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292391.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.06.006","article-title":"Soft and hard tissue changes in skeletal Class III patients treated with double-jaw orthognathic surgery\u2014maxillary advancement and mandibular setback.","volume":"43","author":"OE Becker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Max Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0292391.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.05.010","article-title":"Soft Tissue Changes Measured With Three-Dimensional Software Provides New Insights for Surgical Predictions.","volume":"75","author":"YJ Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Maxil Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292391.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-019-01298-7","article-title":"Quantitative Prediction of Change in Chin Position in Le Fort I Impaction.","volume":"19","author":"J Jayakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0292391.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000234985.99863.97","article-title":"The Inter-relationship Between Mandibular Autorotation and Maxillary LeFort I Impaction Osteotomies","volume":"17","author":"YC Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-008-0723-8","article-title":"Profile Changes Following Maxillary Impaction and Autorotation of the Mandible.","volume":"69","author":"S Steinh\u00e4user","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop Fortschritte Der Kieferorthop\u00e4die."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0292391.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2319\/122912-974.1","article-title":"The influence of lower lip position on the perceived attractiveness of chin prominence.","volume":"83","author":"F Modarai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292391.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2017.47.2.108","article-title":"Effect of frontal facial type and sex on preferred chin projection.","volume":"47","author":"JY Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70230-6","article-title":"Esthetic soft tissue profile preferences among the Japanese population","volume":"114","author":"T. Mantzikos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0292391.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70090-7","article-title":"Differential diagnostic analysis system.","volume":"106","author":"LL Merrifield","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac"},{"issue":"03","key":"pone.0292391.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1357112","article-title":"LeFort I Osteotomy.","volume":"27","author":"E Buchanan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/2992207","article-title":"Extensions of the Procrustes Method for the Optimal Superimposition of Landmarks","volume":"39","author":"FJ Rohlf","year":"1990","journal-title":"Syst Zool"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292391.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8","article-title":"Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape","volume":"1","author":"FL Bookstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"S59","key":"pone.0292391.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22658","volume":"156","author":"GW Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0292391.ref032","first-page":"714","article-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology.","volume":"12","author":"G. Dunn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"key":"pone.0292391.ref033","author":"FL Bookstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology"},{"key":"pone.0292391.ref034","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Biostatistics.","author":"B. Rosner","year":"2010","edition":"7"},{"key":"pone.0292391.ref035","article-title":"Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape","author":"C. Gooddall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-011-9109-8","article-title":"Linear Discrimination, Ordination, and the Visualization of Selection Gradients in Modern Morphometrics","volume":"38","author":"P Mitteroecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292391.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x","article-title":"MorphoJ: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics","volume":"11","author":"CP KLINGENBERG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0292391.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90424-9","article-title":"Autorotation of the mandible: Effect of surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla on mandibular resting posture.","volume":"81","author":"GA Wessberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Amer J Orthodontics."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292391.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318267bcc5","article-title":"Morphology of the Mentalis Muscle and Its Relationship With the Orbicularis Oris and Incisivus Labii Inferioris Muscles","volume":"24","author":"MS Hur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292391.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(89)90337-6","article-title":"Ptosis of the chin and lip incompetence: Consequences of lost mentalis muscle support.","volume":"47","author":"BC Rubens","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Oral Maxil Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292391.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90146-X","article-title":"An evaluation of soft-tissue changes resulting from Le Fort I maxillary surgery","volume":"84","author":"S Mansour","year":"1983","journal-title":"Amer J Orthodontics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292391.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2009.03.005","article-title":"Sagittal Soft-Tissue Changes of the Lower Lip and Chin Associated with Surgical Maxillary Impaction and Consequent Mandibular Autorotation.","volume":"15","author":"BK Ksiezycki-Ostoya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Orthod."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0292391.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2009.05.004","article-title":"Activities of masticatory muscles in patients after orthognathic surgery","volume":"37","author":"ED Palma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T17:42:11Z","timestamp":1696873331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292391"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292391","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]}}}