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Peptides have shown promise in addressing these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the linear epitope profile recognized by serum samples from dengue and Zika patients in the E and NS1 proteins of DENV and ZIKV. This cross-sectional study included individuals of all ages with laboratory-confirmed DENV and ZIKV infections, who were selected through convenience sampling. The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients detected epitopes evenly distributed across the viral proteins in a peptide microarray platform. However, several epitopes were located within \u201cepitope hotspots\u201d, characterized by clusters of peptides recognized in more than 30% of the sub-arrays analyzed using individual or pooled serum samples. The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients showed a high level of cross-reactivity with peptides in the DENV and ZIKV proteins. Analysis using an additional peptide microarray platform, which contained peptides selected based on the results of the initial screening, revealed that two DENV and one ZIKV peptide, highly specific to their related viruses, were located within the epitope hotspots; however, they presented low detection rates (32.5, 35.0, and 28.6%, respectively). In addition, two DENV peptides detected at similarly high rates by both dengue and Zika patients were also found within the epitope hotspots. These hotspots contain several immunodominant epitopes that are recognized by a larger number of individuals when compared to 15-amino acid (aa) sequence peptides. Thus, epitope hotspots may have greater potential to serve as antigens in diagnostic tests and vaccine development than peptides composed of only 15 amino acids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T17:28:49Z","timestamp":1696354129000},"page":"e0292451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Linear epitope mapping in the E and NS1 proteins of dengue and Zika viruses: Prospection of peptides for vaccines and diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-0776","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victor Hugo","family":"Aquino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0207-5423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcilio J.","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bento Vidal","family":"de Moura Negrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvalena","family":"Guillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Tadeu Moraes","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0292451.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2018.1514136","article-title":"Dengue: a growing threat requiring vaccine development for disease prevention.","volume":"112","author":"S Bos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"pone.0292451.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2019.04.005","article-title":"Zika virus infection: an update.","volume":"21","author":"P Ferraris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"pone.0292451.ref003","first-page":"635","article-title":"Zika virus: from an obscurity to a priority","volume":"20","author":"CYP Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"pone.0292451.ref004","volume-title":"Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control: New edition.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0292451.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2110.150847","article-title":"Zika Virus Outbreak, Bahia, Brazil","volume":"21","author":"GS Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0292451.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2112.151167","article-title":"Outbreak of Exanthematous Illness Associated with Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses, Salvador, Brazil","volume":"21","author":"CW Cardoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292451.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150192","article-title":"First report of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus in Brazil","volume":"110","author":"C Zanluca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292451.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010096","article-title":"The zika virus epidemic in brazil: From discovery to future implications.","volume":"15","author":"R Lowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0292451.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000301","article-title":"Zika virus infection: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis.","volume":"29","author":"GA Calvet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 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