{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:50:06Z","timestamp":1792788606677,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011929","name":"Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ROAR-0000000026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ROAR-0000000026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USDA-NIFA Multistate Research Project","award":["S1076 Arthropod management in animal agriculture systems and impacts on animal health and food security"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1076 Arthropod management in animal agriculture systems and impacts on animal health and food security"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Since the 2017 discovery of established populations of the Asian longhorned tick, (\n                    <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Neumann) in the United States, populations continue to be detected in new areas. For this exotic and invasive species, capable of transmitting a diverse repertoire of pathogens and blood feeding on a variety of host species, there remains a lack of targeted information on how to best prepare for this tick and understand when and where it occurs. To fill this gap, we conducted two years of weekly tick surveillance at four farms in Tennessee (three\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infested and one without) to identify environmental factors associated with each questing life stage, to investigate predictors of abundance, and to determine the likelihood of not collecting ticks at different life stages. A total of 46,770 ticks were collected, of which 12,607\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and five other tick species were identified. Overall, abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were associated with spring and summer seasons, forested environments, relative humidity and barometric pressure, sunny conditions, and in relation with other tick species. The likelihood of not collecting\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was associated with day length and barometric pressure. Additional associations for different life stages were also identified and included other tick species, climatic variables, and environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrated that environmental variables can be useful to predict the presence of questing\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and provide ideas on how to use this information to develop a surveillance plan for different southeastern areas with and without infestations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T14:01:10Z","timestamp":1698933670000},"page":"e0292595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Environmental variables serve as predictors of the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann): An approach for targeted tick surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2133-0220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. T.","family":"Trout Fryxell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Chavez-Lindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-6737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Odoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0292595.ref001","first-page":"4","article-title":"Combatting the increasing threat of vector-borne diseases in the United States with a national vector-borne disease prevention and control system","author":"LR Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"47","key":"pone.0292595.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6747a3","article-title":"Multistate infestation with the exotic disease\u2013vector tick Haemaphysalis longicornis--United States, August 2017 \u2013September 2018","volume":"67","author":"CB Beard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref003","first-page":"2","article-title":"The consequences of medically important invasive arthropods: the longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis","author":"AD Haddow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref004","first-page":"8","article-title":"Haemaphysalis longicornis: a tick of considerable importance, now established in North America.","author":"HJ Hutcheson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292595.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12804","article-title":"Haemaphysalis longicornis tick bites are a possible cause of red meat allergy in Japan","volume":"71","author":"Y Chinkuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"February","key":"pone.0292595.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy006","article-title":"Discovery of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing a sheep in New Jersey, United States.","volume":"55","author":"T Rainey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref007","first-page":"8","volume-title":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.","author":"USDA-APHIS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0292595.ref008","first-page":"101450","article-title":"Theileria orientalis Ikeda in host-seeking Haemaphysalis longicornis in Virginia, U.S.A. Ticks & Tick-borne Diseases.","volume":"11","author":"AT Thompson","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0292595.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.190088","article-title":"Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype in cattle, Virginia, USA.","volume":"25","author":"VJ Oakes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Disease"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04659-9","article-title":"A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis.","volume":"14","author":"KD Dinkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292595.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10.3390","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040454","article-title":"Pathogen spillover to an invasive tick species: first detection of Bourbon virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis in the United States.","volume":"11","author":"AN Cumbie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pone.0292595.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.08.008","article-title":"Association of the invasive Haemaphysalis longicornis tick with vertebrate hosts, other native tick vectors, and tick-borne pathogens in New York City, USA","volume":"51","author":"DM Tufts","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2018.1547227","article-title":"Associations between Theileria orientalis Ikeda type infection and the growth rates and haematocrit of suckled beef calves in the North Island of New Zealand","volume":"67","author":"KE Lawrence","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292595.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2015.1064792","article-title":"Theileria orientalis: a review.","volume":"64","author":"JG Watts","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref015","first-page":"1","author":"NCDA&CS","year":"2019","journal-title":"North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services."},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7980","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157980","article-title":"Rapid discovery and detection of Haemaphysalis longicornis through the use of passive surveillance and collaboration: building a state tick-surveillance network","volume":"18","author":"RT Trout Fryxell","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292595.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.181541","article-title":"Distribution, host-seeking phenology, and host and habitat associations of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, Staten Island, New York, USA","volume":"25","author":"DM Tufts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292595.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N6","DOI":"10.1656\/045.027.0106","article-title":"Asian Longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) detected in New Castle and Kent Counties, Delaware.","volume":"27","author":"LP Maestas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Northeastern Naturalist."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa203","article-title":"Seasonal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in southern New York state.","volume":"58","author":"NP Piedmonte","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292595.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa274","article-title":"Distribution and density of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) on public lands in Pennsylvania, United States.","volume":"58","author":"KJ Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292595.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac067","article-title":"The distribution, seasonal abundance, and environmental factors contributing to the presence of the Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis, Acari: Ixodidae) in central Appalachian Virgnia.","volume":"59","author":"AN Cumbie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref022","first-page":"14","volume-title":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.","author":"USDA-APHIS","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref023","author":"RA Butler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Management of Haemaphysalis longicornis on a cow-calf farm in East Tennessee, U.S.A. Journal of Medical Entomology."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12160","article-title":"Comparison of novel and conventional methods of trapping ixodid ticks in the southeastern U.S.A","volume":"30","author":"SE Mays","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.818.30448","article-title":"A pictorial key to differentiate the recently detected exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901 (Acari, Ixodidae) from native congeners in North America.","volume":"818","author":"AM Egizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref026","first-page":"184","volume-title":"The genus Ixodes in North America","author":"RA Cooley","year":"1945"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref027","first-page":"215","article-title":"The larval ixodid ticks of the eastern United States (Acarina-Ixodidae).","volume":"2","author":"CM Clifford","year":"1961","journal-title":"Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0292595.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.5.435","article-title":"Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, Family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River.","volume":"26","author":"JE Keirans","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref029","first-page":"95","article-title":"Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical\/veterinary importance.","author":"LA Durden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thomas Say Publications in Entomology. Entomological Society of America. Lanham, MD"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292595.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.4.489","article-title":"Illustrated key to nymphs of the tick genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) found in the United States.","volume":"35","author":"JE Keirans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0292595.ref031","first-page":"252","article-title":"Reassessment of the taxonomic status of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) with the description of three new species, Amblyomma tonelliae n. sp., Amblyomma interandinum n. sp. and Amblyomma patinoi n. sp., and reinstatement.","volume":"5","author":"S Nava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref032","volume-title":"STATA Statistical Software.","author":"StataCorp","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0292595.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/ehtj.v3i0.7095","article-title":"Ecological approaches to informing public-health policy and risk assessments on emerging vector-borne zoonoses","volume":"3","author":"JM Medlock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging Health Threats Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.2.314","article-title":"Investigation of ecological and environmental determinants for the presence of questing Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Gower, South Wales.","volume":"45","author":"JM Medlock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"issue":"1411","key":"pone.0292595.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0893","article-title":"The shifting landscape of tick-borne zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in Europe","volume":"356","author":"SE Randolph","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab219","article-title":"Riding the wave: reactive vector-borne disease policy renders the United States vulnerable to outbreaks and insecticide resistance","volume":"59","author":"KC Dye-Braumuller","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0292595.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199644","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199644","article-title":"Using citizen science to describe the prevalence and distribution of tick bite and exposure to tick-borne diseases in the United States","volume":"13","author":"NC Nieto","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0292595.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00682-21","article-title":"Citizen science provides an efficient method for broad-scale tick-borne pathogen surveillance of Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis across the United States","volume":"6","author":"WT Porter","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292595.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad039","article-title":"New York State Tick Blitz: harnessing community-based science to understand range expansion of ticks","volume":"60","author":"N Foley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0292595.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S427","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006079","article-title":"Tick control: an industry point of view","volume":"129","author":"JF Graf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref041","first-page":"79","article-title":"Upcoming and future strategies of tick control: a review","volume":"44","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture3020221","article-title":"Current Limitations in the Control and Spread of Ticks that Affect Livestock: A Review.","volume":"3","author":"A Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agriculture."},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref043","first-page":"54","article-title":"Federal Initiative: Tick-borne disease integrated pest managment white paper.","author":"CB Beard","year":"2014","journal-title":"United States Federal Government"},{"key":"pone.0292595.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1564\/v25_dec_10","article-title":"Advancing integrated tick managment to mitigate burden of tick-borne diseases.","author":"AA Perez de Leon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Outlooks on Pest management."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0292595.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa094","article-title":"A survey of tick surveillance and control practices in the United States","volume":"58","author":"EM Mader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0292595.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101905","article-title":"The current strategies and underlying mechanisms in the control of the vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis: Implications for future integrated management.","volume":"13","author":"CF Nwanade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292595","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T14:01:42Z","timestamp":1698933702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292595"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292595","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]}}}