{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:57:39Z","timestamp":1768838259683,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden, the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["20070283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20070283"]}]},{"name":"Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement","award":["ALFGBG-965136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-965136"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF16OC0020936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF16OC0020936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Health and Medical Care Committee of the Regional Executive Board","award":["VGFOUREG-931862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-931862"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006129","name":"Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Persons living with obesity treated with bariatric surgery are at a high risk of developing nutritional deficiencies. The primary aim of this observational cohort study was to compare vitamin D levels in patients two years after bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass\/RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy\/SG) with a very low-energy diet (VLED). The same subjects were also compared with a population sample from the same region at baseline. The primary hypothesis was that surgery, especially RYGB, would lead to an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to subjects treated with VLED. 971 individuals eligible for surgical, RYGB (n = 388), SG (n = 201), and medical treatment (n = 382), in routine care, were included consecutively between 2015 and 2017. A random population sample from the WHO-MONICA project was used as a reference, (n = 414). S-calcium, S-25(OH)D (vitamin D), and S-PTH (parathyroid hormone) were measured in all persons with obesity at baseline and two years after treatment (n = 713). Self-reported use of vitamin D and calcium supplementation was registered.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D &lt;25mmol\/l) was found in 5.2% of the persons with obesity at baseline versus 1.7% of the general population (SMD&gt;0.1). S-25(OH)D increased for all treatment groups but was higher in RYGB and SG (SMD&gt;0.1, standardized mean difference). Thirteen subjects (1.8%) had vitamin D deficiency after obesity treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Surgical intervention for obesity followed by vitamin D supplementation was not associated with a higher risk for vitamin D deficiency, irrespective of surgery type, compared to individuals on medical treatment. However, persons living with obesity seeking weight loss treatment are more likely to have deficient vitamin D levels compared to the general population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T18:26:27Z","timestamp":1703269587000},"page":"e0292780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of medical and surgical treatment on vitamin D levels in 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