{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:33:49Z","timestamp":1785926029676,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal organisms contribute to significant human morbidity and mortality and <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic>) infections are of utmost concern due to multi-drug resistant strains and persistence in critical care and hospital settings. Pathogenesis and pathology of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> is still poorly understood and in this study, we demonstrate how the use of multiplex immunofluorescent imaging (MxIF) and single-cell analysis can contribute to a deeper understanding of fungal infections within organs. We used two different neutrophil depletion murine models (treated with either 1A8\u2014an anti-Ly6G antibody, or RB6-8C5\u2014an anti-Ly6G\/Ly6C antibody; both 1A8 and RB6-8C5 antibodies have been shown to deplete neutrophils) and compared to wildtype, non-neutropenic mice. Following pathologist assessment, fixed samples underwent MxIF imaging using a <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic> antibody (shown to be cross-reactive to <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic>) and immune cell biomarkers\u2014CD3 (T cells), CD68 (macrophages), B220 (B cells), CD45 (monocytes), and Ly6G (neutrophils) to quantify organ specific immune niches. MxIF analysis highlighted the heterogenous distribution of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> infection within heart, kidney, and brain 7 days post-infection. Size and number of fungal abscesses was greatest in the heart and lowest in brain. Infected mice had an increased count of CD3+, CD68+, B220+, and CD45+ immune cells, concentrated around <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> abscesses. CD68+ cells were predominant in wildtype (non-neutropenic mice) and CD3+\/CD45+ cells were predominant in neutropenic mice, with B cells being the least abundant. These findings suggest a Th2 driven immune response in neutropenic <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> infection mice models. This study demonstrates the value of MxIF to broaden understanding of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> pathobiology, and mechanistic understanding of fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T18:29:40Z","timestamp":1705516180000},"page":"e0293011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pathobiology of Candida auris infection analyzed by multiplexed imaging and single cell analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chrystal","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdia","family":"De 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