{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:15:58Z","timestamp":1789002958263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["174ISSFPP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["174ISSFPP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/V029983\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V029983\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem and the 2nd biggest infectious cause of death worldwide. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop effective TB diagnostic methods, which are cheap, portable, sensitive and specific. Raman spectroscopy is a potential spectroscopic technique for this purpose, however, so far, research efforts have focused primarily on the characterisation of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and other Mycobacteria, neglecting bacteria within the microbiome and thus, failing to consider the bigger picture. It is paramount to characterise relevant Mycobacteriales and develop suitable analytical tools to discriminate them from each other. Herein, through the combined use of Raman spectroscopy and the self-optimising Kohonen index network and further multivariate tools, we have successfully undertaken the spectral analysis of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> BCG, <jats:italic>Corynebacterium glutamicum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rhodoccocus erythropolis<\/jats:italic>. This has led to development of a useful tool set, which can readily discern spectral differences between these three closely related bacteria as well as generate a unique spectral barcode for each species. Further optimisation and refinement of the developed method will enable its application to other bacteria inhabiting the microbiome and ultimately lead to advanced diagnostic technologies, which can save many lives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T18:28:02Z","timestamp":1702319282000},"page":"e0293093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hybrid use of Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks to\u00a0discriminate\u00a0Mycobacterium bovis\u00a0BCG and other Mycobacteriales"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4600-0893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Macgregor-Fairlie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"De Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan James Stanley","family":"Rickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pola","family":"Goldberg Oppenheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0293093.ref001","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0293093.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.03.038","article-title":"Minimizing the impact of the triple burden of COVID-19, tuberculosis and HIV on health services in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"113","author":"JB Nachega","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293093.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002665","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02665-2020","article-title":"Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on tuberculosis treatment outcome in Northern Italy","volume":"56","author":"P Magro","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"pone.0293093.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126674","article-title":"Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery","volume":"246","author":"RD Kanabalan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiological Research"},{"key":"pone.0293093.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.706651","article-title":"The Relevance of Genomic Epidemiology for Control of Tuberculosis in West Africa.","volume":"9","author":"P Asare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293093.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0230418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230418","article-title":"Tracking down the White Plague: The skeletal evidence of tuberculous meningitis in the Robert J. 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