{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:40:21Z","timestamp":1792806021951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["22BSH098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22BSH098"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mobile phone addiction has a high detection rate among adolescents and is thought to be related to academic stress. However, the underlying mechanisms in this relation were still unclear. The present study tested the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating roles of peer alienation and rumination in the relationship between academic stress and mobile phone addiction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 742 middle school students were recruited to complete measures of academic stress, psychological distress, mobile phone addiction, peer alienation, rumination, and demographic variables. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated that academic stress was significantly and positively associated with mobile phone addiction, and this link could be mediated by psychological distress. Moreover, this indirect effect was moderated by both peer alienation and rumination. Specifically, the mediating effect of psychological distress was stronger for adolescents with higher levels of peer alienation or adolescents with higher levels of rumination, as well as those with both higher levels of peer alienation and rumination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study enrich our understanding of how and for whom academic stress is correlated with mobile phone addiction. Education experts and parents should pay special attention to adolescents suffering from academic stress, especially those with higher peer alienation and rumination, and help them get rid of mobile phone addiction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T18:29:22Z","timestamp":1707762562000},"page":"e0293094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["How and when is academic stress associated with mobile phone addiction? The roles of psychological distress, peer alienation and rumination"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-8842","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuailei","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0293094.ref001","unstructured":"China Internet Information Center. The 50th China Internet Development Statistical Report. Retrieved from China Internet Information Center; 2022. http:\/\/www.cnnic.net.cn\/NMediaFile\/2022\/0926\/MAIN1664183425619U2MS433V3V.pdf"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0293094.ref002","first-page":"373383","article-title":"The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior, and technostress","volume":"31","author":"YK Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293094.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.07.003","article-title":"Social networking on smartphones: when mobile phones become addictive","volume":"29","author":"M Salehan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"03","key":"pone.0293094.ref004","first-page":"222","article-title":"Development of the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students","author":"J Xiong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Mental Health J"},{"issue":"06","key":"pone.0293094.ref005","first-page":"843","article-title":"Research on online and offline comprehensive intervention programs of adolescent healthy use of mobile phone","author":"CX Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J School Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0293094.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0139","article-title":"Epidemiology of internet behaviors and addiction among adolescents in six Asian countries","volume":"17","author":"KK Mak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0293094.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.11.008","article-title":"Internet Addiction Disorder: Personality characteristics and risk of pathological overuse in adolescents","volume":"248","author":"D Munno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychi Res"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105029","article-title":"Academic stress and smartphone dependence among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model","volume":"118","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref009","first-page":"262","article-title":"Foundation for a general strain theory","volume":"24","author":"R. Agnew","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Res. Crime. Delinq"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.001","article-title":"Academic stress and Internet addiction from general strain theory framework","volume":"49","author":"S Jun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Human. Behav"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760387","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.760387","article-title":"Perceived Academic Stress and Depression: The Mediation Role of Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality","volume":"10","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref012","first-page":"848","article-title":"The Association between School Belonging and Smartphone Dependence in Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Learning Anxiety and the Moderating Role of Peer Relationship","volume":"06","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Develop Edu"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref013","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Roles of Anxiety and Ruminant Thinking","volume":"05","author":"JS Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.005","article-title":"Mobile phone addiction and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of rumination and moderating role of the capacity to be alone","volume":"279","author":"S Lian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref015","first-page":"595604","article-title":"Mobile Phone Addiction and College Students\u2019 Procrastination: Analysis of a Moderated Mediation Model","volume":"34","author":"S Lian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Dev Edu"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.042","article-title":"Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model","volume":"72","author":"QQ Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293094.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-01323-2","article-title":"Mobile Phone Addiction and Adolescents\u2019 Anxiety and Depression: The Moderating Role of Mindfulness","volume":"28","author":"X Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.07.036","article-title":"Relationship between shyness and mobile phone addiction in Chinese young adults: Mediating roles of self-control and attachment anxiety","volume":"76","author":"L Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.015","article-title":"Unhappy and addicted to your phone?\u2014Higher mobile phone use is associated with lower well-being","volume":"93","author":"SA Volkmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0293094.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.08.027","article-title":"Who overuses Smartphones? Roles of virtues and parenting style in Smartphone addiction among Chinese college students","volume":"65","author":"L Lian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293094.ref021","first-page":"e190896","article-title":"Relationship among family environment, self-control, friendship quality, and adolescents\u2019 smartphone addiction in South Korea: Findings from nationwide data","volume":"13","author":"K Hye-Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.01.024","article-title":"The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy","volume":"34","author":"S. Chiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.06.006","article-title":"Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction in Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model","volume":"87","author":"Q Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293094.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-009-9288-4","article-title":"Academic Stressors and Anxiety in Children: The Role of Paternal Support","volume":"19","author":"G Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293094.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.24.2.254.62276","article-title":"Academic Examination Stress Impairs Self\u2013Control","volume":"24","author":"M Oaten","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref026","first-page":"79","article-title":"The Process and Principle of Teenagers\u2019 Internet Inappropriate Behavior\u2014From the Perspective of Self Control Theory and Differential Communication Theory","volume":"03","author":"BY Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Chin Youth Social Science"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref027","article-title":"Academic stress and depression among vietnamese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of life satisfaction and resilience","author":"TTQ Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref028","article-title":"Associations among academic stress, anxiety, extracurricular participation, and aggression: An examination of the general strain theory in a sample of Chinese adolescents","author":"C Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref029","article-title":"Latinx college students\u2019 anxiety, academic stress, and future aspirations: the role of sibling relationship quality","author":"LR Fernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02733-5","article-title":"The roles of emotional intelligence, neuroticism, and academic stress on the relationship between psychological distress and burnout in medical students","volume":"21","author":"MSB Yusoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01253-7","article-title":"Profiles and Transitions of Dual-Factor Mental Health among Chinese Early Adolescents: The Predictive Roles of Perceived Psychological Need Satisfaction and Stress in School","volume":"49","author":"J Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Youth Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9971","article-title":"Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Internet Addicts: Treatment Outcomes and Implications","volume":"10","author":"K. S. Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.020","article-title":"The influence of alexithymia on mobile phone addiction: The role of depression, anxiety and stress","volume":"225","author":"T Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.02.003","article-title":"Upward social comparison on social network sites and impulse buying: A moderated mediation model of negative affect and rumination","volume":"96","author":"P Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059","article-title":"A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use","volume":"31","author":"D. Kardefelt-Winther","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0293094.ref036","first-page":"118","author":"JJ Wan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stu Psychol Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0293094.ref037","first-page":"e182239","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students-A cross sectional study","volume":"12","author":"MB Jocelyne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01589","article-title":"Psychological Distress and Problematic Mobile Phone Use Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Cognitions and the Moderating Role of Effortful Control","volume":"10","author":"R Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750511","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.750511","article-title":"Preference for Solitude and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress and Moderating Role of Mindfulness","volume":"12","author":"WY Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref040","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of physical exercise on mobile phone addiction among college students: the mediating role of psychological distress","author":"XP Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Health Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref041","first-page":"23","article-title":"Dynamics of individual\u2190\u2192 context relations in human development: A developmental systems perspective","volume":"1","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293094.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028070","article-title":"Rumination Moderates the Effects of Daily Events on Negative Mood: Results from a Diary Study","volume":"12","author":"J Genet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17854\/ffyc.2019.10.60.5","article-title":"Serial Mediating Effects of Peer Alienation, Depression and Aggression in the Longitudinal Relationship between Victimization and Offending among Early Adolescents","volume":"60","author":"J Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forum For Youth Culture"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref044","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does peer alienation accelerate cyber deviant behaviors of adolescents? The mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of parent-child relationship and gender","volume":"2","author":"H Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293094.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-013-0042-y","article-title":"Rumination mediates the relationship between peer alienation and eating pathology in young adolescent girls","volume":"18","author":"LM Hilt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293094.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9977-y","article-title":"Peer influence, frontostriatal connectivity, and delay discounting in African American emerging adults","volume":"14","author":"C Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293094.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2018.1438985","article-title":"Can Hovering Hinder Helping? Examining the Joint Effects of Helicopter Parenting and Attachment on Prosocial Behaviors and Empathy in Emerging Adults","volume":"179","author":"M. McGinley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Genet Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203581629","volume-title":"Concepts and theories of human development","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2018","edition":"4"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.20497\/jwce.2018.7.1.197","article-title":"Structural Relationships of Academic Stress, Conflictive Friendship and Psychological Anxiety and Problem Behaviors among Adolescents: Multiple Groups Analysis of Sex, School Grade","volume":"7","author":"J Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean Academy Welfare Counseling"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293094.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/ap.12183","article-title":"Perceived Parent and Peer Alienation and Its Relations to Anxiety Sensitivity, Pathological Worry, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms","volume":"51","author":"D Curzik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aus Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref051","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Handbook of Adolescent Development","author":"RHJ Scholte","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2923","article-title":"Stressful life events and adolescent well\u2010being: The role of parent and peer relationships","volume":"36","author":"G McMahon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293094.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis","volume":"27","author":"W Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293094.ref054","first-page":"15","article-title":"Anxiety, Depression, and Procrastination Among Students: Rumination Plays a Larger Mediating Role than Worry","volume":"36","author":"K Constantin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-01-2017-0019","article-title":"Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic smartphone use: The prominent role of rumination","volume":"28","author":"JD Elhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking Rumination","volume":"3","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293094.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2417","article-title":"The Moderating Effects of Stress and Rumination on Depressive Symptoms in Women and Men","volume":"28","author":"PG Mezo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17","article-title":"Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software","volume":"18","author":"H. Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Educ Eval Health Prof"},{"issue":"C","key":"pone.0293094.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.057","article-title":"The association between life events and internet addiction among Chinese vocational school students: The mediating role of depression","volume":"70","author":"F Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0293094.ref060","first-page":"39","article-title":"The establishment, reliability and validity analysis of the adolescent self-rating life events check list","author":"XC Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref061","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"RF DeVellis","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000207","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 in China","volume":"28","author":"K Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02202939","article-title":"The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence.","volume":"16","author":"GC Armsden","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0293094.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2017.00941","article-title":"Upward social comparison on SNS and depression: A moderated mediation model and gender difference","volume":"49","author":"S Lian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychol Sin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293094.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/17482790802078565","article-title":"Linking psychological attributes to addiction and improper use of the mobile phone among adolescents in Hong Kong","volume":"2","author":"L. Leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Media"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293094.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.03.019","article-title":"Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"DP Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref067","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. A Regression-Based Approach","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293094.ref068","first-page":"119","article-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","volume":"45","author":"LS Aiken","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0293094.ref069","first-page":"942","article-title":"Statistical Remedies for Common Method Biases","volume":"12","author":"H Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref070","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in Moderating the Effect of Workplace Stress on Depression, Anxiety and Stress","volume":"7","author":"J. Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust J Organ Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.04.025","article-title":"Peer attachment and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review","volume":"55","author":"A Gorrese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293094.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2012.02.015","article-title":"School connectedness, peer attachment, and self-esteem as predictors of adolescent depression","volume":"35","author":"A Millings","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.24299\/kier.2018.31.2.25","article-title":"The effects of parental neglect and peer alienation on addictive use of cellular phone of children in community service centers","volume":"31","author":"K Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korea University Institute of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293094.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02229241","article-title":"Response styles and negative affect among adolescents","volume":"20","author":"JAJ Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01936.x","article-title":"Inhibition Versus Switching Deficits in Different Forms of Rumination","volume":"18","author":"A Whitmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Scie"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0293094.ref076","first-page":"918","article-title":"Inhibition deficits for emotional words in high ruminations","volume":"27","author":"M Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0293094.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19076","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-02951-0","article-title":"Interpersonal relationships moderate the relation between academic stress and mobile phone addiction via depression among Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study","volume":"42","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293094.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2020.1736900","article-title":"The right mindset: Stress mindset moderates the association between perceived stress and depressive symptoms","volume":"33","author":"NA Huebschmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, & Coping"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293094.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2009.06.005","article-title":"Mindfulness and rumination: Does mindfulness training lead to reductions in the ruminative thinking associated with depression?","volume":"5","author":"M Deyo","year":"2009","journal-title":"EXPLORE-NY"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0293094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T03:29:58Z","timestamp":1731295798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0293094"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Othman A.","family":"Alfuqaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0293094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]}}}