{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:25:51Z","timestamp":1771457151147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Legat Bachofner, University of Zurich","award":["CHF 39'760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHF 39'760"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify the bacterial burden after skin disinfection using an alcohol octenidine dihydrochloride combination (Octenisept\u00ae) compared to an 74.1% ethanol 10% 2-propanol combination (Softasept N\u00ae).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective randomized clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\" sec-type=\"materials|methods\"><jats:title>Material &amp; methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>61 dogs undergoing clean or clean-contaminated surgeries (excluding surgeries on the gastrointestinal tract) were randomly assigned to group O (skin disinfection with alcohol and octenidine dihydrochloride after washing with octenidine containing soap) or to control group C (skin disinfection using the ethanol-2-propanol combination after washing with a neutral soap without antiseptic ingredients). Samples were then taken from 8 different locations within the surgical field at four different stages: after clipping, after washing, after disinfection and one hour later. At each stage, two different sampling techniques (wet-dry swab technique (WDS) and contact plates (CP)) were used for quantitative analysis of bacterial counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>WDS detected about 100-fold more bacteria compared to CP sampling in cases with high bacterial burden, but was not accurate enough to detect small numbers. CP sampling was therefore used for comparison of treatment protocols. 30 dogs were assigned to group O and 31 to group C. A relative reduction of 69% in group O and 77 percent in group C was observed after the soap wash. No significant differences were detected between both groups. Washing and disinfection resulted in a reduction of bacterial counts of 99.99% in group O versus 99.7% in group C (p = 0.018). Bacterial reduction one hour after washing and disinfection was significantly higher in group O (99.9%) than in group C (98.5%, p = 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Additional octenidine dihydrochloride provided a slightly better decontamination effect after disinfection, particularly one hour after, which means it may only be indicated in longer surgeries. WDS is more sensitive but less specific to detect bacteria on the skin than the CP sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T18:28:30Z","timestamp":1699381710000},"page":"e0293211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficiency of octenidine dihydrochloride alcohol combination compared to ethanol based skin antiseptics for preoperative skin preparation in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8755-1167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabian","family":"Eigner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Corti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirja C.","family":"Nolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293211.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12267.x","article-title":"Prospective surgical site infection surveillance in dogs","volume":"44","author":"R Turk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"pone.0293211.ref002","volume-title":"WHO guidelines for safe surgery: 2009: safe surgery saves lives","author":"Safety WHOP, World Health O","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0293211.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00894-18","article-title":"Increased Usage of Antiseptics Is Associated with Reduced Susceptibility in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"9","author":"K Hardy","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0293211.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e276","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30398-X","article-title":"New WHO recommendations on preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: an evidence-based global perspective","volume":"16","author":"B Allegranzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0293211.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12476","article-title":"Assessment of wound bio-burden and prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria during open wound management.","volume":"57","author":"MC Nolff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"pone.0293211.ref006","unstructured":"Parliament E. 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