{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:08:34Z","timestamp":1740146914974,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1S19598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1S19598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007161","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIP20211495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20211495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007161","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIP 20200254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20200254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 20 global marine extinctions and over 700 local extinctions have reportedly occurred during the past 500 years. However, available methods to determine how many of these species can be confidently declared true disappearances tend to be data-demanding, time-consuming, and not applicable to all taxonomic groups or scales of marine extinctions (global [G] and local [L]). We developed an integrated system to assess marine extinctions (ISAME) that can be applied to any taxonomic group at any geographic scale. We applied the ISAME method to 10 case studies to illustrate the possible ways in which the extinction status of marine species can be categorized as unverified, possibly extinct, or extinct. Of the 10 case studies we assessed, the ISAME method concludes that 6 should be categorized as unverified extinctions due to problems with species\u2019 identity and lack of reliable evidence supporting their disappearance (periwinkle\u2014<jats:italic>Littoraria flammea<\/jats:italic> [G], houting\u2014<jats:italic>Coregonus oxyrinchus<\/jats:italic> [G], long-spined urchin\u2014<jats:italic>Diadema antillarum<\/jats:italic> [L], smalltooth sawfish\u2014<jats:italic>Pristis pectinata<\/jats:italic> [L], and largetooth sawfish\u2014<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pristis<\/jats:italic> [L]). In contrast, ISAME classified the Guadalupe storm-petrel (<jats:italic>Oceanodroma macrodactyla<\/jats:italic> [G]) and the lost shark (<jats:italic>Carcharhinus obsolerus<\/jats:italic> [G]) as possibly extinct because the available evidence indicates that their extinction is plausible\u2014while the largetooth sawfish [L] and Steller\u2019s sea cow (<jats:italic>Hydrodamalis gigas<\/jats:italic> [G]) were confirmed to be extinct. Determining whether a marine population or species is actually extinct or still extant is needed to guide conservation efforts and prevent further biodiversity losses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T17:42:11Z","timestamp":1698342131000},"page":"e0293478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated system to assess marine extinctions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Arturo","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Arenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0342-5322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew 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Monte-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0293478.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2679.2007.00240.x","article-title":"Marine extinctions revisited.","volume":"8","author":"P del Monte-Luna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fish Fish"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0293478.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/bix001","article-title":"Assessing extinction.","volume":"67","author":"J Baumsteiger","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0293478.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2979.2003.00105.x","article-title":"Extinction vulnerability in marine populations.","volume":"4","author":"NK Dulvy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fish 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