{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T18:07:03Z","timestamp":1764785223823,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-16-00165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-16-00165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic> is a primary zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range causing severe respiratory and reproductive system infection in animals and humans. To reduce the global burden of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic>-associated diseases on animal welfare and health and to control the pathogen spread in husbandry, effective vaccines based on promising vaccine candidate(s) are required. Recently, the caprine <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> AMK-16 strain (AMK-16) demonstrated a high level of protection (up to 80\u2013100%) in outbred mice and pregnant rabbits immunized with these formaldehyde-inactivated bacteria against experimental chlamydial wild-type infection. This study investigated the molecular characteristics of AMK-16 by whole-genome sequencing followed by molecular typing, phylogenetic analysis and detection of main immunodominant protein(s) eliciting the immune response in mouse model. Similarly to other <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic>, AMK-16 harbored an extrachromosomal plasmid. The whole-genome phylogenetic analysis proved that AMK-16 strain belonging to ST28 clustered with only <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> but not with <jats:italic>Chlamydia abortus<\/jats:italic> strains. However, AMK-16 possessed the insert which resulted from the recombination event as the additional single chromosome region of a 23,100 bp size with higher homology to <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>abortus<\/jats:italic> (98.38\u201399.94%) rather than to <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> (92.06\u201392.55%). At least six of 16 CDSs were absent in AMK-16 plasticity zone and 41 CDSs in other loci compared with the reference <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> 6BC strain. Two SNPs identified in the AMK-16 <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic> sequence resulted in MOMP polymorphism followed by the formation of a novel genotype\/subtype including three other <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> strains else. AMK-16 MOMP provided marked specific cellular and humoral immune response in 100% of mice immunized with the inactivated AMK-16 bacteria. Both DnaK and GrpE encoded by the recombination region genes were less immunoreactive, inducing only a negligible T-cell murine immune response, while homologous antibodies could be detected in 50% and 30% of immunized mice, respectively. Thus, AMK-16 could be a promising vaccine candidate for the development of a killed whole cell vaccine against chlamydiosis in livestock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T17:40:44Z","timestamp":1698687644000},"page":"e0293612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Whole genome sequencing characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci caprine AMK-16 strain, a promising killed whole cell veterinary vaccine candidate against chlamydia infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-407X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentina A.","family":"Feodorova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey 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